CVE-2025-11555: Campcodes Learning System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-11555 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Learning Management System version 1.0. This vulnerability affects the /admin/calendar_of_events.php file, where improper handling of the date_start parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. The attack can be launched remotely without authentication, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the underlying database.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability remotely to manipulate database queries, potentially extracting sensitive data, modifying records, or disrupting system availability.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-09 - CVE-2025-11555 published to NVD
• 2025-10-20 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-11555

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is a classic SQL injection flaw (CWE-89) stemming from improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands. The vulnerable endpoint /admin/calendar_of_events.php fails to properly validate or sanitize the date_start parameter before incorporating it into database queries. This allows an attacker to craft malicious input that breaks out of the intended query structure and executes arbitrary SQL commands.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) and CWE-89 (SQL Injection), indicating a failure to properly handle user-supplied input before using it in database operations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the lack of input validation and parameterized queries in the calendar_of_events.php file. When processing the date_start argument, the application directly concatenates user input into SQL statements without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements. This allows special SQL characters and commands to be interpreted as part of the query rather than as data values.

Attack Vector

The attack can be executed remotely over the network without requiring any user interaction or authentication. An attacker can send specially crafted HTTP requests to the /admin/calendar_of_events.php endpoint, manipulating the date_start parameter to inject malicious SQL code.

The exploitation involves sending payloads containing SQL syntax that alter the query logic. For example, an attacker might append conditions that always evaluate to true, UNION statements to extract data from other tables, or subqueries to enumerate database structure. Since this is an admin-facing endpoint, successful exploitation could grant access to administrative data, user credentials, or allow modification of learning management content.

Technical details and proof-of-concept information can be found in the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and VulDB #327715.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11555

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed HTTP requests to /admin/calendar_of_events.php containing SQL syntax in the date_start parameter
• Database query errors or anomalies in application logs related to calendar events functionality
• Unexpected database access patterns or queries originating from the web application
• Evidence of data exfiltration attempts through error-based or time-based SQL injection techniques

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns in HTTP parameters, particularly targeting the date_start parameter
• Configure application logging to capture and alert on requests containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, and UNION keywords
• Enable database query logging and monitor for anomalous query patterns or syntax errors
• Deploy network-based intrusion detection signatures for common SQL injection payloads

Monitoring Recommendations

• Establish baseline metrics for normal traffic patterns to /admin/calendar_of_events.php and alert on deviations
• Monitor database audit logs for unauthorized data access or privilege escalation attempts
• Review web server access logs regularly for patterns indicative of automated SQL injection scanning tools
• Implement real-time alerting for multiple failed or error-generating requests to the vulnerable endpoint

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11555

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the /admin/calendar_of_events.php endpoint using network-level access controls or authentication mechanisms
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall with SQL injection protection rules as an interim measure
• Consider temporarily disabling the calendar of events functionality until a patch is available
• Audit logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts and investigate any suspicious activity

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no official patch from Campcodes has been identified in the available references. Administrators should monitor the CampCodes official website for security updates. For tracking vulnerability details and updates, refer to VulDB CTI Indicator #327715.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation on the date_start parameter at the application level, rejecting any input containing SQL metacharacters
• Convert the vulnerable dynamic SQL query to use parameterized queries or prepared statements
• Apply the principle of least privilege to the database user account used by the application, limiting access to only required tables and operations
• Deploy application-layer filtering to strip or escape potentially dangerous characters from user input

# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to detect SQL injection in date_start parameter
SecRule ARGS:date_start "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    block,\
    msg:'SQL Injection Attempt Detected in date_start parameter',\
    log,\
    severity:CRITICAL"