CVE-2025-11077: Campcodes Learning System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-11077 Overview

A SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Learning Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/add_content.php file, where improper handling of the Title argument allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. This flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to compromise the database integrity, extract sensitive educational data, and potentially gain unauthorized access to the learning management system's backend.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-09-27 - CVE-2025-11077 published to NVD
• 2025-10-03 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-11077

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) occurs within the administrative content management functionality of the Campcodes Online Learning Management System. The vulnerable endpoint /admin/add_content.php fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the Title parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries.

The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication requirements, requiring no user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious input containing SQL syntax that, when processed by the application, alters the intended database query logic. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation attempts against unpatched installations.

Root Cause

The root cause stems from inadequate input validation and the absence of parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /admin/add_content.php file. When the application processes the Title argument, it directly concatenates user input into SQL statements without proper escaping or sanitization. This allows special SQL characters and commands to be interpreted as part of the query structure rather than as literal data.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation through crafted HTTP requests to the administrative interface. An attacker can manipulate the Title parameter in requests to /admin/add_content.php to inject arbitrary SQL commands. The injected payload bypasses application logic and executes directly against the underlying database.

The vulnerability mechanism involves sending specially crafted input through the Title parameter that breaks out of the intended SQL query context. For example, an attacker could insert SQL operators, subqueries, or UNION-based statements to extract data from other database tables. Technical details and proof-of-concept information are available through the GitHub Issue Tracker and VulDB entry.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11077

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages in application logs originating from /admin/add_content.php
• Requests to /admin/add_content.php containing SQL keywords in the Title parameter such as UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1, or comment sequences
• Unexpected database query patterns or data extraction attempts logged by database monitoring systems
• Anomalous access patterns to administrative endpoints from external IP addresses

Detection Strategies

• Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in requests to /admin/add_content.php
• Implement application-level logging to capture all parameters submitted to the vulnerable endpoint
• Configure database activity monitoring to alert on suspicious query patterns, particularly those containing concatenated strings or unusual operators
• Establish baseline network traffic patterns and alert on deviations in requests to administrative paths

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for all requests to the /admin/ directory
• Monitor database query logs for signs of injection attempts including malformed queries or unauthorized data access
• Set up real-time alerting for HTTP requests containing common SQL injection payload signatures
• Review access logs regularly for repeated probe attempts against the add_content.php endpoint

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11077

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the /admin/ directory to trusted IP addresses only using firewall rules or .htaccess configurations
• Implement input validation on the Title parameter to allow only expected characters and reject SQL special characters
• Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection capabilities in front of the application
• Consider temporarily disabling the /admin/add_content.php functionality until a patch is available

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been released at this time. Organizations should monitor the CampCodes website for security updates. In the absence of an official patch, implement the recommended workarounds and consider upgrading to a more actively maintained learning management system if patches are not forthcoming.

Workarounds

• Apply strict input validation by implementing a whitelist of allowed characters for the Title field
• Modify the application code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements instead of string concatenation
• Implement a WAF rule specifically targeting the /admin/add_content.php endpoint to filter SQL injection attempts
• Restrict administrative interface access to internal networks or VPN-connected users only

# Example Apache .htaccess configuration to restrict admin access
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
</Directory>