CVE-2025-10817: Campcodes Online LMS SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-10817 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Learning Management System version 1.0. This vulnerability affects the /admin/admin_user.php file, where improper input validation allows an attacker to manipulate the firstname argument to inject malicious SQL commands. The attack can be launched remotely without authentication, and the exploit has been made publicly available.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to read, modify, or delete database contents, potentially compromising user credentials, course data, and administrative controls within the learning management system.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-09-22 - CVE-2025-10817 published to NVD
• 2025-09-25 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10817

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), commonly manifesting as injection attacks. The vulnerable endpoint /admin/admin_user.php fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input for the firstname parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means that any attacker with HTTP access to the administrative interface can attempt exploitation. The administrative context of the vulnerable file suggests that successful exploitation could lead to full compromise of the learning management system, including access to user data, course materials, and system configurations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in insufficient input validation and the absence of parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /admin/admin_user.php file. The firstname parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or escaping, allowing special SQL characters to alter the query's logic.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted remotely over the network by sending crafted HTTP requests to the /admin/admin_user.php endpoint. An attacker manipulates the firstname parameter with SQL injection payloads to extract sensitive data, bypass authentication, or modify database records.

The vulnerability allows for blind or error-based SQL injection techniques depending on the application's error handling configuration. Attackers can leverage tools like sqlmap to automate exploitation and extract database contents systematically. For detailed technical information about this vulnerability, see the GitHub CVE Issue and VulDB entry #325175.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10817

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTTP requests to /admin/admin_user.php containing SQL keywords such as UNION, SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, or comment sequences (--, /*)
• Database error messages in application logs indicating malformed SQL queries
• Unexpected database queries targeting system tables or attempting to enumerate database schema
• Anomalous data extraction patterns or bulk data access from user-related tables

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the firstname parameter
• Enable detailed logging for the /admin/admin_user.php endpoint and monitor for suspicious parameter values
• Deploy database activity monitoring to detect unauthorized queries or data extraction attempts
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with SQL injection signature detection capabilities

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP access logs for requests to /admin/admin_user.php with encoded or obfuscated payloads
• Set up alerts for database errors that may indicate SQL injection attempts
• Review authentication logs for any unauthorized admin access following potential exploitation
• Track database query performance metrics for anomalies that may indicate injection-based data extraction

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10817

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the /admin/admin_user.php endpoint using IP whitelisting or VPN-only access
• Implement input validation on the firstname parameter to reject special characters and SQL keywords
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection protection rules
• Review and audit other input fields in the application for similar vulnerabilities

Patch Information

No official patch is currently available from Campcodes for this vulnerability. Organizations using Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0 should contact the vendor directly for remediation guidance or consider implementing the workarounds below. Monitor the CampCodes website for security updates.

Workarounds

• Restrict network access to the administrative interface using firewall rules or access control lists (ACLs)
• Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements in the vulnerable PHP file if source code modification is possible
• Use a reverse proxy with mod_security or similar modules to filter malicious requests
• Consider taking the application offline if it contains sensitive data and cannot be adequately protected

# Example Apache configuration to restrict admin access
<Directory "/var/www/html/admin">
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
</Directory>