CVE-2025-10784: Campcodes Learning System SQL Injection

CVE-2025-10784 Overview

A SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Learning Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/edit_subject.php file, where improper handling of the subject_code parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete data in the underlying database.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to compromise database integrity, extract sensitive information including user credentials, and potentially gain administrative access to the learning management system.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-09-22 - CVE CVE-2025-10784 published to NVD
• 2025-09-23 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10784

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which encompasses injection vulnerabilities. The affected component, /admin/edit_subject.php, fails to properly sanitize the subject_code parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This classic SQL injection flaw allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database.

The vulnerability is accessible over the network and requires no authentication or user interaction to exploit. While the exploit has been publicly disclosed, the impact is categorized as affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a limited level.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is inadequate input validation and sanitization of user-supplied data in the subject_code parameter. The application directly concatenates or interpolates user input into SQL queries without using parameterized queries or prepared statements. This allows special SQL characters and commands to be interpreted by the database engine rather than being treated as literal data.

Attack Vector

The attack can be initiated remotely through network access to the vulnerable application. An attacker targets the /admin/edit_subject.php endpoint and manipulates the subject_code parameter to inject SQL syntax. Common exploitation techniques include:

• Using single quotes to escape string contexts
• Appending UNION SELECT statements to extract data from other tables
• Utilizing time-based or boolean-based blind injection techniques
• Leveraging stacked queries to execute multiple SQL statements

For technical details and proof-of-concept information, refer to the GitHub CVE Issue and VulDB entry.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10784

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages in application logs referencing /admin/edit_subject.php
• Web server access logs showing suspicious characters in subject_code parameter values (e.g., single quotes, UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1)
• Database audit logs indicating unexpected queries or data extraction attempts
• Unexplained database modifications or data exfiltration patterns

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests targeting /admin/edit_subject.php
• Monitor application logs for SQL syntax errors and database exception messages
• Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for common SQL injection attack patterns
• Enable database query logging and analyze for anomalous query structures

Monitoring Recommendations

• Set up alerts for HTTP requests containing SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, DROP, INSERT) in parameter values
• Monitor for high volumes of failed database queries originating from the same source
• Implement rate limiting on administrative endpoints to slow potential automated exploitation
• Review web server logs regularly for reconnaissance and exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10784

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the /admin/edit_subject.php endpoint using firewall rules or access control lists
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection protection rules
• Consider taking the vulnerable application offline until a patch is available or mitigations are in place
• Review database access logs for evidence of prior exploitation

Patch Information

No official patch has been released by Campcodes at this time. Monitor the Campcodes website for security updates. Organizations should implement the recommended workarounds and consider alternative solutions if patches are not forthcoming.

Workarounds

• Apply input validation on the subject_code parameter to allow only expected characters (alphanumeric values)
• Implement prepared statements or parameterized queries in the application code if source access is available
• Deploy a reverse proxy with SQL injection filtering capabilities in front of the application
• Restrict access to administrative functions to trusted IP addresses only

# Example: Restrict access to admin directory via .htaccess
# Add to /admin/.htaccess
<FilesMatch "edit_subject\.php$">
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
</FilesMatch>