CVE-2025-11312: Tipray DLP System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-11312 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Tipray Data Leakage Prevention System (天锐数据泄露防护系统) version 1.0. This vulnerability affects the findModulePage function within the findModulePage.do file, where improper handling of the sort parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially compromising data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. A public exploit has been disclosed, and the vendor was contacted but did not respond to disclosure attempts.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection flaw to extract sensitive data, modify database contents, or potentially gain further access to backend systems through the vulnerable Data Leakage Prevention System.

Affected Products

• Tipray Data Leakage Prevention System version 1.0
• Systems running findModulePage.do endpoint with the vulnerable sort parameter handling

Discovery Timeline

• October 6, 2025 - CVE-2025-11312 published to NVD
• November 3, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-11312

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) exists in the findModulePage function of the Tipray Data Leakage Prevention System. The vulnerability arises from insufficient input validation on the sort parameter within the findModulePage.do endpoint. When user-supplied input is passed to this parameter, it is incorporated directly into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization, allowing attackers to manipulate the underlying database queries.

The vulnerability is classified under both CWE-89 (SQL Injection) and CWE-74 (Injection), indicating that malicious input can be used to alter the intended behavior of database queries. The attack can be executed remotely over the network without requiring authentication, making it accessible to unauthenticated external attackers.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the failure to properly validate, sanitize, or parameterize user-controlled input in the sort parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. The findModulePage.do endpoint directly concatenates user input into SQL statements, allowing injection of arbitrary SQL commands. This represents a fundamental secure coding violation where untrusted data is mixed with SQL command structures.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation without user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the findModulePage.do endpoint, injecting SQL syntax through the sort parameter. Since the system is a Data Leakage Prevention solution, successful exploitation could be particularly impactful, potentially allowing attackers to:

• Extract sensitive information from the database including DLP policies, protected data classifications, and user credentials
• Modify database contents to disable protection mechanisms or alter audit logs
• Potentially escalate access to underlying database server or connected systems

The vulnerability mechanism involves improper handling of the sort parameter in the findModulePage.do endpoint. When a malicious payload is supplied in this parameter, it bypasses input validation and is directly incorporated into SQL queries executed against the backend database. Attackers can leverage standard SQL injection techniques such as UNION-based injection, time-based blind injection, or error-based injection depending on the database configuration. For technical details on the exploitation method, refer to the GitHub Vulnerability Report.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11312

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to the findModulePage.do endpoint containing SQL syntax characters (quotes, comments, UNION statements)
• Database error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors from the DLP system
• Unexpected database query patterns or execution times associated with the findModulePage function
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database access in audit logs

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns in requests to findModulePage.do
• Implement application-level logging for all requests containing special characters in the sort parameter
• Configure database activity monitoring to alert on anomalous queries originating from the DLP application
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for common SQL injection attack patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP request logs for the findModulePage.do endpoint, specifically examining sort parameter values
• Enable database query logging and review for suspicious SQL patterns such as UNION SELECT, time delays, or error-based extraction attempts
• Implement real-time alerting for database errors associated with the Tipray DLP application

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11312

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the findModulePage.do endpoint using firewall rules or network segmentation
• Implement WAF rules to block SQL injection patterns targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• Consider disabling or removing the affected functionality until a patch is available
• Monitor for exploitation attempts while awaiting vendor response

Patch Information

No official patch is currently available. The vendor (Tipray/厦门天锐科技股份有限公司) was contacted regarding this vulnerability but did not respond to disclosure attempts. Organizations using this product should contact the vendor directly to request a security update or consider alternative DLP solutions.

Additional technical information is available through the VulDB Entry #327193.

Workarounds

• Implement network-level access controls to restrict access to the DLP system's administrative interface
• Deploy a WAF or reverse proxy with SQL injection detection capabilities in front of the application
• Consider application-level input validation at the network perimeter to filter malicious requests
• Segment the DLP system network to limit potential lateral movement if compromised

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection in sort parameter
# ModSecurity rule example
SecRule ARGS:sort "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    block,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in sort parameter',\
    log,\
    severity:'CRITICAL'"