CVE-2025-11311: Tipray Data Leakage Prevention SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-11311 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Tipray (厦门天锐科技股份有限公司) Data Leakage Prevention System (天锐数据泄露防护系统) version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the findTenantPage function within the findTenantPage.do file. By manipulating the sort parameter, an unauthenticated remote attacker can inject malicious SQL commands, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive database information. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, and the vendor was contacted but did not respond to disclosure attempts.

Critical Impact

Attackers can remotely exploit this SQL injection vulnerability without authentication to extract, modify, or delete sensitive data from the underlying database, potentially compromising the entire data leakage prevention infrastructure.

Affected Products

• Tipray Data Leakage Prevention System version 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-06 - CVE-2025-11311 published to NVD
• 2025-11-03 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-11311

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as SQL Injection (CWE-89) with a secondary classification of Injection (CWE-74). The flaw resides in the findTenantPage.do endpoint, specifically within the findTenantPage function. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the sort parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements.

The network-based attack vector allows remote exploitation without any authentication or user interaction required. An attacker can directly send crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint to exploit this weakness. While the impact is assessed as limited to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the vulnerable system itself (not extending to other connected systems), successful exploitation could still allow data extraction, modification, or denial of service against the database backend.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and insufficient sanitization of the sort parameter in the findTenantPage.do handler. The application directly concatenates or interpolates user-controlled input into SQL query strings without using parameterized queries or prepared statements. This lack of input sanitization allows malicious SQL syntax to be interpreted and executed by the database engine.

Attack Vector

The attack is initiated remotely over the network by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the findTenantPage.do endpoint. An attacker manipulates the sort parameter with SQL injection payloads designed to alter the query logic. Since no authentication is required and the attack complexity is low, this vulnerability presents a significant risk for exposed systems.

The exploitation mechanism involves appending or modifying SQL commands through the sort parameter. Typical SQL injection techniques such as UNION-based injection, error-based injection, or time-based blind injection may be applicable depending on the database backend and application response behavior.

For technical exploitation details, refer to the GitHub PoC Repository and VulDB entry #327192.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11311

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTTP requests to findTenantPage.do containing SQL keywords (SELECT, UNION, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP) in the sort parameter
• Database error messages in application logs indicating malformed SQL queries
• Unexpected database query patterns or elevated query execution times
• Anomalous data access patterns or unauthorized data exports from the database

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in HTTP parameters, particularly targeting the sort parameter in requests to findTenantPage.do
• Implement database activity monitoring to identify abnormal query patterns or unauthorized data access
• Configure application logging to capture all requests to the vulnerable endpoint with full parameter details
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with SQL injection signature rules to alert on exploitation attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP access logs for requests to findTenantPage.do with suspicious parameter values
• Enable database audit logging to track query execution and identify potential data exfiltration
• Set up alerts for database errors that may indicate SQL injection attempts
• Review network traffic for unusual outbound data transfers that could indicate successful data extraction

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11311

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Tipray Data Leakage Prevention System to trusted IP addresses only until a patch is available
• Deploy WAF rules to filter SQL injection payloads targeting the findTenantPage.do endpoint
• Monitor all access to the vulnerable endpoint and investigate any suspicious activity
• Consider temporarily disabling the findTenantPage.do functionality if operationally feasible

Patch Information

No official patch is currently available from the vendor. The vendor was contacted about this disclosure but did not respond. Organizations should monitor vendor communications for future security updates. In the absence of a vendor patch, consider implementing virtual patching through WAF rules or application-layer filtering.

Workarounds

• Implement strict input validation on the sort parameter to accept only alphanumeric characters and expected column names
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF with SQL injection filtering capabilities in front of the application
• Use network segmentation to isolate the vulnerable system from sensitive network resources
• Disable or restrict access to the findTenantPage.do endpoint at the web server level if the functionality is not critical

# Example WAF rule configuration (ModSecurity)
# Block SQL injection patterns in findTenantPage.do sort parameter
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains findTenantPage.do" "id:100001,phase:2,deny,status:403,chain"
SecRule ARGS:sort "@detectSQLi" "log,msg:'SQL Injection attempt blocked in findTenantPage.do'"