CVE-2026-1477: Performance Evaluation SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2026-1477 Overview

An out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability (OOB SQLi) has been detected in the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. This critical vulnerability affects the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters in the /evaluacion_competencias_evalua_old.aspx endpoint, enabling attackers to extract sensitive information from the database through external channels without the application returning the data directly.

Critical Impact
Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely to exfiltrate sensitive database contents, compromising the confidentiality of stored information including potentially personal evaluation data and user credentials.

Affected Products

Performance Evaluation (EDD) Application by Gabinete Técnico de Programación
Quatuor Performance Evaluation System

Discovery Timeline

January 27, 2026 - CVE-2026-1477 published to NVD
January 29, 2026 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-1477

Vulnerability Analysis

This out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability represents a particularly dangerous class of injection attacks (CWE-89) where data exfiltration occurs through alternative channels rather than the standard HTTP response. Unlike traditional in-band SQL injection where results appear directly in the application's output, OOB SQLi leverages external communication methods such as DNS lookups or HTTP requests to attacker-controlled servers, making detection significantly more challenging.

The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject malicious SQL queries through the vulnerable parameters. The network-accessible attack vector combined with no required privileges or user interaction creates an easily exploitable condition that can lead to complete database compromise.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2026-1477 is improper input validation and sanitization of user-supplied data in the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters within the /evaluacion_competencias_evalua_old.aspx endpoint. The application fails to properly validate, sanitize, or parameterize these input values before incorporating them into SQL queries, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands that execute within the database context.

Attack Vector

The attack leverages network-accessible endpoints to inject specially crafted SQL payloads into the vulnerable parameters. Attackers can construct queries that force the database server to initiate outbound connections (such as DNS requests or HTTP calls) to attacker-controlled infrastructure, carrying extracted data as part of those requests. This technique bypasses traditional detection methods that monitor for suspicious data in HTTP responses.

The vulnerability in the /evaluacion_competencias_evalua_old.aspx endpoint accepts the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject SQL syntax that leverages database-specific functions to establish outbound connections, exfiltrating data such as table names, column values, user credentials, and sensitive evaluation records. The out-of-band nature means the attacker receives stolen data through their own controlled channels rather than through the vulnerable application's responses.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-1477

Indicators of Compromise

Unusual outbound DNS queries from database servers to unfamiliar or suspicious domains
Unexpected HTTP/HTTPS connections originating from the database server tier
Abnormal SQL query patterns involving functions like xp_dirtree, LOAD_FILE(), or UTL_HTTP depending on the database platform
Presence of SQL injection payloads in web server access logs targeting /evaluacion_competencias_evalua_old.aspx

Detection Strategies

Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns in the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters
Monitor database server network traffic for unauthorized outbound connections
Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query execution patterns
Review web server logs for requests containing SQL metacharacters or injection signatures targeting the vulnerable endpoint

Monitoring Recommendations

Enable verbose logging on the EDD application to capture all parameter values submitted to vulnerable endpoints
Configure network monitoring to alert on outbound connections from database servers to non-whitelisted destinations
Implement DNS query logging and analysis to detect data exfiltration through DNS tunneling techniques
Set up alerting for failed authentication attempts and unusual database query patterns

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-1477

Immediate Actions Required

Restrict network access to the /evaluacion_competencias_evalua_old.aspx endpoint until a patch is available
Implement strict input validation on the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters to accept only expected data types and formats
Deploy WAF rules to block common SQL injection attack patterns targeting the vulnerable endpoint
Block outbound network connections from database servers to untrusted external destinations

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the INCIBE Security Notice for official remediation guidance from the coordinating CERT. Contact Gabinete Técnico de Programación directly for patch availability and update instructions for the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application.

Workarounds

Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions involving the affected parameters
Deploy network segmentation to prevent database servers from initiating outbound connections
Use a web application firewall configured with SQL injection detection rules as an interim protective measure
Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable endpoint if it is not business-critical until a vendor patch is available

bash

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection attempts (ModSecurity format)
SecRule ARGS:Id_usuario "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in Id_usuario parameter',\
    log,\
    auditlog"

SecRule ARGS:Id_evaluacion "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1002,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in Id_evaluacion parameter',\
    log,\
    auditlog"