CVE-2026-1482: Performance Evaluation (EDD) SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2026-1482 Overview

An out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability (OOB SQLi) has been discovered in the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. This vulnerability exists in the Id_evaluacion parameter within the /evaluacion_objetivos_evalua_definido.aspx endpoint, allowing attackers to extract sensitive information from the database through external channels without the application returning data directly to the attacker.

Out-of-band SQL injection is particularly dangerous as it enables data exfiltration through alternative communication channels such as DNS lookups or HTTP requests to attacker-controlled servers, making traditional detection methods less effective.

Critical Impact

Successful exploitation allows unauthenticated remote attackers to extract sensitive database information including employee performance evaluations, personal data, and potentially administrative credentials, completely compromising data confidentiality.

Affected Products

• Quatuor Performance Evaluation (EDD) Application
• Gabinete Técnico de Programación EDD Software

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-27 - CVE-2026-1482 published to NVD
• 2026-01-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-1482

Vulnerability Analysis

This out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability affects the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application's objective evaluation functionality. The vulnerable endpoint /evaluacion_objetivos_evalua_definido.aspx fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the Id_evaluacion parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries.

Unlike traditional SQL injection where results are returned directly in the application response, OOB SQLi leverages external communication channels to exfiltrate data. This technique is particularly effective when the application does not display query results or when error messages are suppressed.

The vulnerability enables attackers to construct malicious SQL payloads that trigger the database server to make outbound connections (typically DNS or HTTP requests) to attacker-controlled infrastructure, carrying sensitive data in the request parameters.

Root Cause

The root cause is classified under CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'). The application fails to implement proper input validation and parameterized queries for the Id_evaluacion parameter, allowing specially crafted SQL statements to be executed by the underlying database engine.

The lack of prepared statements or stored procedures with proper parameter binding enables attackers to break out of the intended query context and inject arbitrary SQL commands that leverage database-specific features for external data transmission.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-accessible with no authentication required. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable ASP.NET endpoint. The malicious payload injected into the Id_evaluacion parameter can leverage database-specific functions (such as xp_cmdshell in Microsoft SQL Server, UTL_HTTP in Oracle, or DNS exfiltration techniques) to transmit query results to external servers.

The attack flow typically involves:

1. Identifying the vulnerable parameter through reconnaissance
2. Determining the database type and available exfiltration functions
3. Crafting SQL injection payloads that encode sensitive data into external requests
4. Receiving and decoding the exfiltrated data on attacker-controlled infrastructure

Since no verified code examples are available, technical details regarding specific exploitation techniques can be found in the INCIBE Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-1482

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual outbound DNS queries or HTTP requests from database servers to unknown external hosts
• Anomalous query patterns in database logs containing string concatenation functions, encoding operations, or system functions
• Web server logs showing requests to /evaluacion_objetivos_evalua_definido.aspx with abnormally long or encoded Id_evaluacion parameter values
• Evidence of data exfiltration through DNS TXT record lookups or HTTP request parameters

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection signatures specifically tuned for OOB SQLi patterns
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect suspicious stored procedure calls such as xp_cmdshell, xp_dirtree, or network-related functions
• Monitor outbound network connections from database servers, particularly DNS and HTTP traffic to unexpected destinations
• Enable and review SQL Server extended events or equivalent database audit logs for injection patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure alerting for outbound connections originating from database server processes
• Establish baseline network behavior for database servers and alert on deviations
• Implement SIEM correlation rules to detect SQL injection attempts combined with unusual external communication patterns
• Monitor DNS query logs for queries containing encoded data patterns or unusually long subdomains

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-1482

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the vulnerable endpoint /evaluacion_objetivos_evalua_definido.aspx until patches are applied
• Implement strict input validation on the Id_evaluacion parameter to allow only expected numeric values
• Deploy WAF rules to block SQL injection attempts targeting the affected endpoint
• Block outbound network connections from database servers to untrusted destinations
• Review database logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts

Patch Information

Organizations using the affected Quatuor Performance Evaluation (EDD) application should consult the INCIBE Security Advisory for official patch information and vendor guidance from Gabinete Técnico de Programación.

Workarounds

• Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions involving user input
• Apply principle of least privilege to database accounts, removing permissions for dangerous functions like xp_cmdshell
• Configure network segmentation to prevent database servers from initiating outbound connections
• Deploy input validation middleware to sanitize the Id_evaluacion parameter before processing

# Example: Restrict outbound connections from SQL Server (Windows Firewall)
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Block SQL Server Outbound" dir=out program="%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL15.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\sqlservr.exe" action=block