CVE-2026-1474: Performance Evaluation SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2026-1474 Overview

An out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability (OOB SQLi) has been identified in the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. This vulnerability exists in the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters within the /evaluacion_inicio.aspx endpoint. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to extract sensitive information from the database through external channels without the affected application returning the data directly, compromising the confidentiality of stored information.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exfiltrate sensitive database contents through out-of-band channels, potentially exposing performance evaluation data, user credentials, and other confidential information stored in the application database.

Affected Products

• Performance Evaluation (EDD) Application by Gabinete Técnico de Programación
• Systems running the vulnerable /evaluacion_inicio.aspx endpoint

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-27 - CVE-2026-1474 published to NVD
• 2026-01-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-1474

Vulnerability Analysis

This out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability represents a sophisticated attack vector that differs from traditional SQL injection in a significant way. Rather than extracting data through the application's normal response channel, OOB SQLi leverages external network channels (such as DNS or HTTP requests) to exfiltrate information from the database server. This technique is particularly dangerous because it can bypass traditional security controls that monitor application responses for signs of data leakage.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), indicating that user-supplied input in the affected parameters is being incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization. The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability combined with no required authentication or user interaction makes it highly exploitable in real-world scenarios.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and lack of proper parameterization in the handling of the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters within the /evaluacion_inicio.aspx page. When these parameters are processed, user-supplied values are directly concatenated into SQL queries without adequate sanitization, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL statements that trigger out-of-band data exfiltration.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted over the network against the /evaluacion_inicio.aspx endpoint. An attacker crafts malicious SQL injection payloads within the Id_usuario or Id_evaluacion parameters. These payloads leverage database-specific functions to initiate outbound connections (such as DNS lookups or HTTP requests) to attacker-controlled servers, carrying exfiltrated data as part of the request. This allows extraction of database contents even when traditional error-based or union-based SQL injection techniques fail to return data through the application's normal response.

The vulnerability does not require authentication, meaning any network-accessible attacker can attempt exploitation. The out-of-band nature of the attack makes it particularly stealthy, as the application may not exhibit obvious signs of compromise in its responses.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-1474

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual outbound DNS queries from the database server to unfamiliar domains, potentially containing encoded data
• HTTP/HTTPS requests originating from the database server to external hosts
• Anomalous network traffic patterns from servers hosting the Performance Evaluation application
• Web server logs showing requests to /evaluacion_inicio.aspx with suspicious or encoded values in Id_usuario or Id_evaluacion parameters

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters
• Implement database activity monitoring to identify unusual query patterns or attempts to invoke network-related functions
• Monitor outbound network connections from the database server for signs of data exfiltration
• Enable verbose logging on the web application to capture all requests to the /evaluacion_inicio.aspx endpoint

Monitoring Recommendations

• Establish baseline network behavior for the database server and alert on deviations, particularly outbound DNS or HTTP traffic
• Configure SIEM rules to correlate web application logs with network traffic anomalies
• Implement egress filtering to restrict outbound connections from database servers to only necessary destinations
• Review web application logs regularly for requests containing SQL injection signatures or encoding patterns

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-1474

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the /evaluacion_inicio.aspx endpoint while remediation is implemented
• Apply input validation and parameterized queries to the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters
• Implement egress filtering on database servers to block unauthorized outbound connections
• Deploy WAF rules specifically targeting SQL injection in the affected parameters
• Review and audit database permissions to apply the principle of least privilege

Patch Information

Consult the vendor, Gabinete Técnico de Programación, for official patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. For additional technical details, refer to the INCIBE Security Notice.

Workarounds

• Implement strict input validation that rejects special characters and SQL syntax in the Id_usuario and Id_evaluacion parameters
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall with SQL injection detection rules in front of the application
• Restrict outbound network access from the database server to prevent out-of-band data exfiltration
• Consider placing the application behind a VPN or authentication layer to limit exposure while awaiting a patch
• If the affected endpoint is not business-critical, disable it temporarily until a fix is available

# Example WAF rule configuration (ModSecurity)
# Block SQL injection attempts in vulnerable parameters
SecRule ARGS:Id_usuario|ARGS:Id_evaluacion "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in EDD application parameter',\
    tag:'CVE-2026-1474'"