CVE-2025-63529: Blood Bank Management Auth Bypass Flaw

CVE-2025-63529 Overview

A session fixation vulnerability exists in Blood Bank Management System 1.0 in login.php that allows an attacker to set or predict a user's session identifier prior to authentication. When the victim logs in, the application continues to use the attacker-supplied session ID rather than generating a new one, enabling the attacker to hijack the authenticated session and gain unauthorized access to the victim's account.

Critical Impact

This HIGH severity vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) enables attackers to hijack authenticated user sessions, potentially gaining full unauthorized access to victim accounts including sensitive medical and donor information stored in the Blood Bank Management System.

Affected Products

• Shridharshukl Blood Bank Management System 1.0
• cpe:2.3:a:shridharshukl:blood_bank_management_system:1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Discovery Timeline

• December 1, 2025 - CVE-2025-63529 published to NVD
• December 2, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-63529

Vulnerability Analysis

CVE-2025-63529 is classified as a Session Fixation vulnerability (CWE-384). The vulnerability exists in the login.php file of the Blood Bank Management System version 1.0. The application fails to regenerate session identifiers upon successful user authentication, a critical security flaw that undermines the session management mechanism.

The CVSS v3.1 vector string is CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, indicating:

• Attack Vector: Network-based exploitation
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: None
• User Interaction: Required (victim must log in)
• Impact: High confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact

The EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score is 0.083% with a percentile of 24.729 as of December 16, 2025, suggesting a relatively low probability of exploitation in the wild.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability stems from improper session management in the authentication workflow. When a user successfully authenticates through login.php, the application does not call session regeneration functions (such as session_regenerate_id() in PHP) to create a new session identifier. Instead, it continues to use the existing session ID, which may have been pre-set by an attacker.

This violates secure session management best practices outlined in OWASP guidelines, which mandate that a new session ID must be generated upon any authentication state change, particularly after successful login.

Attack Vector

The attack scenario for CVE-2025-63529 follows a classic session fixation pattern:

1. Session Initialization: The attacker accesses the Blood Bank Management System and obtains a valid session ID from the server or crafts a specific session ID.

2. Session Injection: The attacker sends the victim a malicious link containing the pre-determined session ID (e.g., via email phishing or a compromised webpage). The session ID can be injected through URL parameters or by exploiting cookie handling mechanisms.

3. Victim Authentication: The victim clicks the link and logs into the application using their legitimate credentials. The vulnerable login.php does not regenerate the session ID upon successful authentication.

4. Session Hijacking: Since the session ID remains unchanged after login, the attacker can now use the known session ID to access the victim's authenticated session, gaining full access to the victim's account and any sensitive data accessible through it.

For technical details and proof-of-concept information, refer to the external security references documenting this vulnerability.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-63529

Indicators of Compromise

• Multiple authenticated sessions sharing the same session ID from different IP addresses or user agents
• Session IDs appearing in URL parameters in web server access logs
• Login events where the session ID creation timestamp significantly predates the authentication timestamp
• Anomalous session activity patterns, such as session IDs being used before the associated user account logged in

Detection Strategies

Web Application Firewall (WAF) Rules: Configure WAF rules to detect and block session ID parameters in URLs, particularly for requests to authentication endpoints like login.php.

Session Monitoring: Implement server-side monitoring to track session ID lifecycle events. Alert on sessions where the session ID is not regenerated following successful authentication.

Log Analysis: Review web server and application logs for patterns consistent with session fixation attacks:

• Session IDs appearing in GET parameters
• Same session ID authenticated by different user accounts
• Session IDs with unusual longevity or pre-authentication activity

Network Traffic Analysis: Monitor for suspicious URL patterns containing session identifiers being sent to potential victims via email or other communication channels.

Monitoring Recommendations

Organizations using Blood Bank Management System should implement the following monitoring measures:

1. Enable detailed logging for all authentication events, including session ID values before and after login
2. Configure alerts for session anomalies, particularly sessions authenticated from multiple distinct IP addresses
3. Monitor for external links to the application containing session parameters
4. Implement real-time session validation to detect potential hijacking attempts
5. Consider deploying SentinelOne Singularity XDR to provide endpoint visibility and detect suspicious session-related activity patterns

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-63529

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade Blood Bank Management System to a patched version when available from the vendor
• Implement session ID regeneration immediately after successful authentication in login.php
• Configure session cookies with HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite attributes
• Reject session IDs passed via URL parameters and only accept session IDs from cookies
• Implement session timeout policies to limit the window of opportunity for session fixation attacks

Patch Information

As of the last NVD update on December 2, 2025, no official vendor patch has been publicly announced. Organizations should monitor the vendor's GitHub repository at https://github.com/Shridharshukl/Blood-Bank-Management-System for security updates.

The primary fix requires modifying login.php to call session_regenerate_id(true) immediately after successful user authentication to invalidate the old session ID and generate a new one.

Workarounds

Until an official patch is available, implement the following workarounds:

Server-Side Session Management Hardening: Configure PHP session settings to enforce strict session handling:

// Add to php.ini or application configuration
session.use_strict_mode = 1
session.use_only_cookies = 1
session.cookie_httponly = 1
session.cookie_secure = 1
session.cookie_samesite = Strict

Manual Code Fix: If source code access is available, add session regeneration to the login.php authentication success path by calling session_regenerate_id(true) immediately after verifying user credentials.

Network-Level Controls: Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF to strip session ID parameters from URLs and enforce cookie-only session handling.

Access Restrictions: Limit access to the Blood Bank Management System to trusted networks only, reducing the attack surface for session fixation attempts until a permanent fix is deployed.