CVE-2025-59740: Andsoft E-tms RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-59740 Overview

CVE-2025-59740 is a critical operating system command injection vulnerability affecting AndSoft's e-TMS version 25.03. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server by sending a specially crafted POST request. The vulnerable parameter is the m parameter in the /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP endpoint.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can achieve full server compromise by injecting and executing arbitrary OS commands through a web-accessible endpoint, potentially leading to data theft, lateral movement, or complete infrastructure takeover.

Affected Products

• AndSoft e-TMS version 25.03
• Systems running e-TMS with the vulnerable /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP endpoint exposed

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-02 - CVE-2025-59740 published to NVD
• 2025-10-02 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-59740

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability falls under CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command) and CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command). The e-TMS application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the m parameter before passing it to system-level command execution functions. This allows attackers to inject shell metacharacters and arbitrary commands that are then executed with the privileges of the web server process.

The attack requires no authentication and can be executed remotely over the network. Since the vulnerability exists in a login form handler (LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP), it is accessible to any attacker who can reach the web application, making pre-authentication exploitation possible.

Root Cause

The root cause is insufficient input validation and lack of proper sanitization of the m parameter in the /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP script. The application directly incorporates user-controlled input into an operating system command without escaping special characters or using parameterized command execution methods. This classic command injection pattern allows shell metacharacters (such as ;, |, &, or backticks) to break out of the intended command context and execute attacker-controlled commands.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted over the network by sending a malicious POST request to the vulnerable endpoint. An attacker crafts a request containing OS command injection payloads within the m parameter. When the server processes this request, it executes the injected commands with the privileges of the web application service account.

The vulnerability is exploited through the /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP endpoint by manipulating the m parameter. Attackers can inject shell commands using common injection techniques such as command chaining (;), piping (|), or command substitution. Since this is a login form endpoint, no prior authentication is required, significantly increasing the risk of exploitation.

For technical details and additional information, refer to the INCIBE Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-59740

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual POST requests to /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, backticks, $()) in the m parameter
• Web server logs showing requests with encoded command injection payloads targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• Unexpected process spawning from the web server process (e.g., cmd.exe, powershell.exe, /bin/sh, /bin/bash)
• New or modified files in web-accessible directories or system locations created by the web server account

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block command injection patterns in POST request parameters
• Implement log analysis rules to alert on requests containing OS command injection signatures targeting ASP endpoints
• Monitor process execution chains for anomalous child processes spawned by IIS worker processes or the web application
• Configure SIEM alerts for suspicious command-line patterns associated with web shell activity

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed request logging on the web server, capturing full POST body content for forensic analysis
• Implement real-time monitoring of file system changes in web application directories
• Monitor network connections initiated by the web server process for unusual outbound traffic patterns
• Review authentication logs for anomalies around the time of suspicious requests to login endpoints

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-59740

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the e-TMS application to trusted IP ranges only using firewall rules
• Implement WAF rules to block requests containing command injection patterns in the m parameter
• Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP endpoint if not critical to operations
• Monitor web server logs for exploitation attempts and conduct threat hunting for potential compromise

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the INCIBE Security Notice for the latest information on available patches and updates from AndSoft. Contact the vendor directly for patch availability and upgrade guidance for e-TMS installations.

Workarounds

• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF in front of the application to filter malicious requests containing shell metacharacters
• Implement network segmentation to isolate the e-TMS server from critical infrastructure
• Apply the principle of least privilege to the web server service account to limit the impact of successful exploitation
• Enable enhanced logging and monitoring while awaiting an official patch from the vendor

# Example WAF rule to block command injection in m parameter (ModSecurity syntax)
SecRule ARGS:m "@rx [;|&`$(){}]" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'Potential OS Command Injection in m parameter - CVE-2025-59740'"