CVE-2025-49055: WP Lead Capturing Pages SQL Injection

CVE-2025-49055 Overview

CVE-2025-49055 is a Blind SQL Injection vulnerability affecting the WP Lead Capturing Pages WordPress plugin (wp-lead-capture) developed by kamleshyadav. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands through improper neutralization of special elements in SQL queries, potentially compromising the WordPress database and sensitive user data.

Critical Impact

Attackers can exploit this Blind SQL Injection vulnerability to extract sensitive database information, modify data, or potentially gain unauthorized access to the underlying WordPress installation without requiring authentication.

Affected Products

• WP Lead Capturing Pages (wp-lead-capture) versions up to and including 2.5
• WordPress installations using the vulnerable plugin versions

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-22 - CVE CVE-2025-49055 published to NVD
• 2026-01-22 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-49055

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), commonly known as SQL Injection. The WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries, enabling Blind SQL Injection attacks.

Blind SQL Injection differs from classic SQL Injection in that the attacker cannot directly see the results of their injected queries. Instead, attackers must infer information by observing application behavior, response times, or conditional responses. This technique allows attackers to extract data character by character using Boolean-based or time-based inference methods.

The vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin through 2.5, indicating a persistent security flaw in the plugin's input handling mechanisms.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin. User-controlled input is directly concatenated into SQL statements without proper sanitization or escaping, allowing malicious SQL syntax to be injected and executed against the WordPress database.

WordPress provides built-in functions like $wpdb->prepare() for safely handling database queries, but the vulnerable code path in this plugin fails to utilize these security mechanisms.

Attack Vector

The attack vector for this Blind SQL Injection vulnerability involves submitting specially crafted input through the plugin's lead capture functionality. Since this is a Blind SQL Injection, attackers typically use one of two techniques:

Boolean-based Blind SQL Injection: Attackers inject conditional SQL statements and observe whether the application response changes based on true/false conditions, allowing them to extract data bit by bit.

Time-based Blind SQL Injection: Attackers inject SQL commands that cause deliberate delays (e.g., using SLEEP() or BENCHMARK() functions) and measure response times to infer information about the database structure and contents.

For technical details and proof-of-concept information, refer to the Patchstack Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-49055

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual database query patterns in WordPress/MySQL logs showing SQL injection syntax (e.g., ' OR 1=1, UNION SELECT, SLEEP())
• Abnormally slow response times on pages utilizing the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin functionality
• Unexpected database errors or access attempts logged in web server error logs
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database modifications

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns targeting WordPress plugins
• Monitor MySQL slow query logs for suspicious queries containing injection syntax
• Deploy WordPress security plugins that provide real-time SQL injection detection capabilities
• Review access logs for repeated requests with encoded SQL characters or injection payloads

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for the WordPress database layer to capture all SQL queries
• Set up alerting for response time anomalies that could indicate time-based SQL injection attempts
• Monitor plugin directories for unauthorized file modifications that could indicate post-exploitation activity
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect unauthorized data access or exfiltration attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-49055

Immediate Actions Required

• Deactivate and remove the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin immediately if running version 2.5 or earlier
• Audit WordPress database for signs of compromise or unauthorized data access
• Review WordPress user accounts for any unauthorized administrator accounts created through exploitation
• Consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection protection rules

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no official patch has been confirmed for this vulnerability. Website administrators should monitor the Patchstack Advisory for updates regarding a security fix from the plugin developer.

If the plugin is essential to your operations, consider reaching out to the developer directly or engaging a security professional to implement custom mitigations.

Workarounds

• Disable the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin until a patched version becomes available
• Implement WAF rules to block common SQL injection patterns targeting the plugin endpoints
• Restrict database user permissions for the WordPress installation to limit potential damage from successful exploitation
• Consider migrating to an alternative lead capture plugin with better security practices

# WordPress CLI command to deactivate vulnerable plugin
wp plugin deactivate wp-lead-capture

# Verify plugin is deactivated
wp plugin list --status=inactive | grep wp-lead-capture

# Optional: Remove the plugin entirely
wp plugin delete wp-lead-capture