CVE-2025-31424: WP Lead Capturing Pages SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-31424 Overview

CVE-2025-31424 is a critical Blind SQL Injection vulnerability affecting the WP Lead Capturing Pages WordPress plugin developed by kamleshyadav. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands, allowing unauthenticated attackers to manipulate database queries through crafted input. This flaw enables attackers to extract sensitive information from the WordPress database without requiring any authentication or user interaction.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this Blind SQL Injection vulnerability to extract sensitive data from the WordPress database, potentially compromising user credentials, personal information, and other confidential data stored within the affected WordPress installation.

Affected Products

• WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin versions from n/a through 2.3
• WordPress installations running vulnerable versions of the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin
• All websites utilizing the leadcapture WordPress plugin up to and including version 2.3

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-06-09 - CVE-2025-31424 published to NVD
• 2025-06-12 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-31424

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), commonly known as SQL Injection. The WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries executed against the WordPress database.

The Blind SQL Injection variant is particularly concerning because it allows attackers to extract data even when the application does not directly display query results. Instead, attackers infer database contents through conditional responses, timing-based techniques, or error-based feedback mechanisms. The network-accessible attack vector combined with no authentication requirements significantly increases the exploitability of this vulnerability.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-31424 lies in insufficient input validation and the lack of proper parameterized queries or prepared statements within the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin. When user-controlled data is concatenated directly into SQL query strings without adequate sanitization or escaping, malicious SQL syntax can alter the intended query logic. This coding practice violates secure development principles and enables attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The attack can be executed remotely over the network without requiring authentication or any special privileges. An attacker crafts malicious HTTP requests containing SQL injection payloads targeting vulnerable plugin endpoints. Since this is a Blind SQL Injection vulnerability, the attacker uses inference techniques such as:

• Boolean-based blind injection: Crafting conditional SQL statements that alter the application's response based on true/false conditions
• Time-based blind injection: Injecting SQL commands that introduce deliberate delays (e.g., SLEEP() functions) to infer data based on response timing
• Error-based extraction: Leveraging database error messages to extract information when verbose error reporting is enabled

The attacker systematically extracts database contents character by character, eventually compromising sensitive data including WordPress user credentials, email addresses, and other stored information.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-31424

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL syntax patterns in web server access logs targeting the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin endpoints
• Database query logs showing anomalous SLEEP(), BENCHMARK(), or conditional IF() statements
• Repeated requests with incrementing or iterating parameter values indicating automated data extraction
• Unexpected database connection spikes or prolonged query execution times

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns including single quotes, UNION statements, and time-based payloads
• Enable WordPress debug logging and monitor for database query anomalies associated with the leadcapture plugin
• Implement intrusion detection system (IDS) signatures for SQL injection attack patterns targeting WordPress installations
• Review web server logs for suspicious parameter values containing SQL metacharacters or encoded injection attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure real-time alerting for unusual database query patterns originating from web application processes
• Monitor network traffic for high-frequency requests to plugin endpoints with varying parameters
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect unauthorized data access patterns
• Set up baseline metrics for normal plugin behavior and alert on statistical deviations

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-31424

Immediate Actions Required

• Immediately disable or remove the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin from all WordPress installations until a patched version is available
• Review WordPress database access logs for evidence of exploitation attempts
• Audit all WordPress user accounts for unauthorized changes or newly created administrative users
• Consider rotating database credentials if compromise is suspected

Patch Information

As of the last update on 2025-06-12, no official patch information has been published. Organizations should monitor the Patchstack Vulnerability Report for updates on remediation guidance. If lead capture functionality is critical, consider implementing alternative plugins with better security track records while awaiting a fix.

Workarounds

• Disable the WP Lead Capturing Pages plugin entirely until a security update is released
• Implement WAF rules to block requests containing SQL injection patterns targeting the affected plugin endpoints
• Restrict access to WordPress administrative interfaces to trusted IP addresses only
• Enable WordPress security plugins that provide SQL injection protection at the application layer
• Consider using database-level query logging and anomaly detection as an additional defense layer

# WordPress plugin deactivation via WP-CLI
wp plugin deactivate leadcapture --path=/var/www/html/wordpress

# Verify plugin status
wp plugin status leadcapture --path=/var/www/html/wordpress

# Optional: Remove the plugin entirely
wp plugin delete leadcapture --path=/var/www/html/wordpress