CVE-2025-41344 Overview
A lack of authorization vulnerability has been detected in CanalDenuncia.app, a whistleblowing and complaint management platform. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to access other users' information by sending a crafted POST request through the id_archivo parameter in /backend/api/verArchivo.php. This represents a significant broken access control flaw that could expose sensitive user data and confidential complaint information.
Critical Impact
Unauthorized access to sensitive user files and complaint data through direct object reference manipulation, potentially exposing confidential whistleblower information.
Affected Products
- CanalDenuncia CanalDenuncia.app (all versions)
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-11-04 - CVE-2025-41344 published to NVD
- 2025-11-05 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-41344
Vulnerability Analysis
This vulnerability falls under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization), a critical access control weakness that occurs when an application fails to verify that a user has the necessary permissions before granting access to a protected resource. In the case of CanalDenuncia.app, the /backend/api/verArchivo.php endpoint processes file viewing requests without properly validating whether the requesting user has authorization to access the specified file.
The vulnerable endpoint accepts an id_archivo parameter via POST request, which serves as a direct object reference to files stored in the system. Because the application does not implement proper authorization checks, an attacker can iterate through or guess file identifiers to access files belonging to other users.
Root Cause
The root cause of this vulnerability is the absence of authorization logic in the verArchivo.php API endpoint. The application fails to verify file ownership or user permissions before serving file content. This is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) pattern where the application trusts user-supplied input (id_archivo) without validating the user's relationship to the requested resource.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:
- Identifying the vulnerable endpoint at /backend/api/verArchivo.php
- Crafting POST requests with varying id_archivo parameter values
- Enumerating through sequential or predictable file identifiers
- Extracting sensitive files and user information without authorization
The vulnerability allows attackers to craft a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with an arbitrary id_archivo value. By iterating through file identifiers, an attacker can systematically access confidential documents uploaded by other users in the whistleblowing platform. For technical details, see the INCIBE Security Notice.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41344
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual or sequential POST requests to /backend/api/verArchivo.php from single IP addresses
- High volume of requests with varying id_archivo parameter values in short time periods
- Access logs showing successful file retrievals for files not owned by the authenticated session
- Anomalous patterns of file access across multiple user accounts from a single source
Detection Strategies
- Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect parameter enumeration patterns targeting the verArchivo.php endpoint
- Monitor API access logs for unusual patterns of id_archivo parameter requests
- Deploy rate limiting on file access endpoints to slow enumeration attacks
- Correlate file access events with user session data to identify unauthorized access attempts
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable detailed logging on the /backend/api/ directory to capture all file access requests
- Set up alerts for sequential or rapid file ID enumeration attempts
- Monitor for unauthorized data exfiltration patterns from the application
- Implement user behavior analytics to detect anomalous file access patterns
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41344
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the /backend/api/verArchivo.php endpoint until a patch is available
- Implement emergency access controls to validate user authorization for file access
- Review access logs for evidence of exploitation and identify potentially compromised data
- Notify affected users if unauthorized access to their files is detected
Patch Information
Organizations should consult the INCIBE Security Notice for official remediation guidance from the vendor. Apply vendor-provided patches as soon as they become available.
Workarounds
- Implement server-side authorization checks to verify file ownership before serving content
- Add session-based validation to ensure users can only access their own files
- Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF rule to block unauthorized access patterns to the vulnerable endpoint
- Consider temporarily disabling file viewing functionality until proper authorization is implemented
# Example: Apache .htaccess restriction for the vulnerable endpoint
# Add to /backend/api/.htaccess to restrict access while awaiting patch
<Files "verArchivo.php">
Require all denied
# Or restrict to specific authorized IPs
# Require ip 192.168.1.0/24
</Files>
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
