CVE-2025-41112: Canaldenuncia.app Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-41112 Overview

A lack of authorization vulnerability has been detected in CanalDenuncia.app, a whistleblowing platform application. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access other users' information by sending a POST request through the parameter web in /backend/api/buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php. The vulnerability stems from missing authorization checks (CWE-862), enabling unauthorized access to sensitive user data without proper authentication validation.

Critical Impact

Attackers can exploit this authorization bypass to access confidential user information submitted through the whistleblowing platform, potentially compromising the anonymity and safety of whistleblowers.

Affected Products

• CanalDenuncia CanalDenuncia.app (all versions)

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-11-04 - CVE-2025-41112 published to NVD
• 2025-11-05 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-41112

Vulnerability Analysis

This authorization bypass vulnerability exists in the CanalDenuncia.app backend API endpoint responsible for retrieving configuration parameters. The vulnerable endpoint /backend/api/buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php fails to properly validate whether the requesting user has authorization to access the requested data before returning sensitive information.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization), indicating that the application does not perform any authorization checks when processing requests to this endpoint. This allows any unauthenticated or low-privileged attacker to access data belonging to other users by manipulating the web parameter in POST requests.

The network-based attack vector requires no user interaction and can be exploited remotely with low complexity. The primary impact is to data confidentiality, as attackers can retrieve sensitive user information without proper authorization.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the complete absence of authorization validation in the buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php API endpoint. The application fails to verify that the requesting user has appropriate permissions to access the requested configuration parameters or user data before processing the request and returning results.

This represents a fundamental broken access control issue where the API trusts user-supplied input (the web parameter) without validating the user's right to access that particular data scope.

Attack Vector

The attack is executed over the network by sending crafted POST requests to the vulnerable API endpoint. An attacker can enumerate or guess values for the web parameter to access configuration data and user information belonging to other organizations or users of the platform.

The exploitation flow involves:

1. Identifying the vulnerable endpoint at /backend/api/buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php
2. Crafting POST requests with different web parameter values
3. Iterating through possible values to extract data from multiple user contexts
4. Collecting sensitive whistleblower or organizational data without authorization

Since no proof-of-concept code is publicly available, organizations should refer to the INCIBE Advisory on Multiple Vulnerabilities for detailed technical information about this vulnerability.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41112

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual POST requests to /backend/api/buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php from unknown or external IP addresses
• High volume of requests to the vulnerable endpoint with varying web parameter values
• Access patterns showing enumeration behavior against the API endpoint
• Server logs indicating successful data retrieval for multiple different web parameter values from a single source

Detection Strategies

• Monitor web server access logs for requests to the buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php endpoint
• Implement rate limiting and anomaly detection on API endpoints to identify enumeration attempts
• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious parameter manipulation patterns
• Review application logs for unauthorized data access patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for all API endpoint access, including request parameters and source IPs
• Set up alerts for abnormal request volumes to the vulnerable endpoint
• Monitor for automated scanning or enumeration behavior targeting backend API paths
• Track successful responses from the endpoint correlated with unauthorized access attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41112

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the /backend/api/buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php endpoint through network-level controls
• Implement authentication checks to ensure only authorized users can access the endpoint
• Add authorization validation to verify users can only access data within their permitted scope
• Review access logs to identify any potential exploitation that may have already occurred

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the INCIBE Advisory on Multiple Vulnerabilities for official remediation guidance and patch information from the vendor. Contact CanalDenuncia directly for the latest security updates addressing this authorization bypass vulnerability.

Workarounds

• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to filter and monitor requests to the vulnerable endpoint
• Implement IP whitelisting to restrict access to the backend API to trusted sources only
• Add server-side authorization middleware to validate user permissions before processing API requests
• Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable endpoint until a proper fix can be applied

# Example: Block access to vulnerable endpoint using Apache .htaccess
<Files "buscarConfiguracionParametros2.php">
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
</Files>