CVE-2025-41340 Overview
A lack of authorization vulnerability has been detected in CanalDenuncia.app, a whistleblowing and complaint management platform. This vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to access other users' information by sending a specially crafted POST request through the parameters id_tp_denuncia and id_sociedad in /backend/api/buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php. This represents a classic Broken Access Control flaw (CWE-862: Missing Authorization) where the application fails to verify that the requesting user has permission to access the requested data.
Critical Impact
Unauthorized access to sensitive user information through an unauthenticated API endpoint, potentially exposing confidential whistleblower complaint data and personal information.
Affected Products
- CanalDenuncia CanalDenuncia.app (all versions)
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-11-04 - CVE-2025-41340 published to NVD
- 2025-11-05 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-41340
Vulnerability Analysis
This vulnerability stems from missing authorization checks in the CanalDenuncia.app backend API. The affected endpoint /backend/api/buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php accepts POST requests containing id_tp_denuncia and id_sociedad parameters but fails to verify whether the requesting user is authorized to access the corresponding data records.
The attack is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to remote attackers. By manipulating the identifier parameters in POST requests, an attacker can enumerate and retrieve information belonging to other users within the system—a technique known as Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR).
Given that CanalDenuncia.app is a whistleblowing platform designed to handle sensitive complaint data, unauthorized access to this information could expose confidential reports, personal identifiers, and potentially compromise the anonymity of whistleblowers.
Root Cause
The root cause is CWE-862: Missing Authorization. The application fails to implement proper access control checks on the buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php API endpoint. When processing POST requests, the backend does not validate whether the authenticated user (or in this case, an unauthenticated attacker) has the necessary permissions to access the records identified by id_tp_denuncia and id_sociedad parameters.
Attack Vector
The attack is conducted over the network by sending crafted POST requests to the vulnerable API endpoint. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by:
- Identifying the vulnerable endpoint at /backend/api/buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php
- Crafting POST requests with manipulated id_tp_denuncia and id_sociedad parameter values
- Iterating through predictable or sequential identifier values to enumerate and extract data belonging to other users
- Collecting sensitive information without any authentication requirements
The vulnerability requires no special privileges, no user interaction, and has low attack complexity, making it highly exploitable by even unsophisticated attackers.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-41340
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual volume of POST requests to /backend/api/buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php from single IP addresses
- Sequential or enumeration patterns in id_tp_denuncia and id_sociedad parameter values
- Requests to the vulnerable endpoint from unauthenticated sessions or suspicious user agents
- Access attempts to records that do not belong to the authenticated user session
Detection Strategies
- Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious enumeration patterns targeting the affected endpoint
- Deploy API monitoring solutions to identify anomalous request patterns and parameter manipulation attempts
- Enable detailed logging for all API endpoints, particularly those handling sensitive data
- Configure alerting for high-frequency requests to /backend/api/buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php
Monitoring Recommendations
- Monitor access logs for the vulnerable endpoint and correlate with user session data
- Implement rate limiting on API endpoints to slow enumeration attacks
- Set up real-time alerting for access patterns indicative of IDOR exploitation
- Review audit logs for historical evidence of unauthorized data access
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-41340
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the /backend/api/buscarTipoDenunciabyId.php endpoint to authenticated users only
- Implement server-side authorization checks to verify users can only access their own records
- Deploy WAF rules to block enumeration attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint
- Review access logs for evidence of exploitation and notify affected users if unauthorized access occurred
Patch Information
Organizations should monitor the INCIBE CERT Notice on Vulnerabilities for official patch announcements from the vendor. Apply security updates as soon as they become available from CanalDenuncia.
Workarounds
- Implement network-level access controls to restrict access to the API endpoint from trusted sources only
- Add mandatory authentication middleware before processing requests to the vulnerable endpoint
- Deploy authorization checks that validate user ownership of requested records based on session identity
- Consider temporarily disabling the vulnerable endpoint if not critical to operations until a patch is available
- Implement indirect reference maps to prevent predictable enumeration of object identifiers
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
