CVE-2026-1483: Performance Evaluation SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2026-1483 Overview

An out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability (OOB SQLi) has been discovered in the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. This vulnerability exists in the Id_usuario parameter within the /evaluacion_objetivos_ver_auto.aspx endpoint, allowing attackers to extract sensitive information from the database through external channels without the application returning data directly.

Out-of-band SQL injection is a particularly dangerous variant of SQL injection that leverages the database server's ability to make external connections (DNS or HTTP requests) to exfiltrate data. This technique bypasses traditional detection mechanisms that rely on monitoring direct database responses.

Critical Impact

Attackers can extract sensitive database information including user credentials, personal data, and confidential business information without triggering standard response-based SQL injection detections.

Affected Products

• Performance Evaluation (EDD) Application by Gabinete Técnico de Programación
• Systems utilizing the /evaluacion_objetivos_ver_auto.aspx endpoint
• Applications with exposed Id_usuario parameter handling

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-27 - CVE-2026-1483 published to NVD
• 2026-01-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-1483

Vulnerability Analysis

This out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) affects the Performance Evaluation application's objective evaluation viewing functionality. The vulnerability is network-accessible without requiring authentication or user interaction, making it particularly dangerous for internet-exposed deployments.

Unlike traditional SQL injection where data is returned through application responses, OOB SQLi leverages database functionality to transmit extracted data through alternative channels. This can include DNS lookups to attacker-controlled domains or HTTP requests to external servers, making the attack stealthier and harder to detect through conventional means.

The affected endpoint /evaluacion_objetivos_ver_auto.aspx fails to properly sanitize the Id_usuario parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries, enabling attackers to inject malicious SQL statements that trigger external data transmission.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2026-1483 is improper input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the Id_usuario parameter handling. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input into SQL statements without adequate sanitization or the use of prepared statements. This allows attackers to break out of the intended query context and inject arbitrary SQL commands that can leverage database-specific functions for out-of-band data exfiltration.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and does not require authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests targeting the /evaluacion_objetivos_ver_auto.aspx endpoint with specially crafted payloads in the Id_usuario parameter. These payloads leverage database-specific functions (such as xp_dirtree or UTL_HTTP depending on the database backend) to force the database server to make outbound connections to attacker-controlled infrastructure, carrying extracted data as part of DNS queries or HTTP requests.

The exploitation flow typically involves:

1. Identifying the vulnerable parameter through reconnaissance
2. Determining the database type and available OOB exfiltration functions
3. Crafting payloads that extract data and transmit it via external channels
4. Setting up infrastructure to capture exfiltrated data

For detailed technical information, refer to the INCIBE Security Notice.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-1483

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual outbound DNS queries from database servers to unfamiliar domains
• HTTP requests originating from database servers to external IP addresses
• Anomalous patterns in the Id_usuario parameter containing SQL metacharacters or OOB-specific function calls
• Database logs showing execution of functions like xp_dirtree, xp_fileexist, UTL_HTTP, or DBMS_LDAP that enable external connections

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect SQL injection patterns in the Id_usuario parameter
• Monitor database server network traffic for unexpected outbound DNS or HTTP connections
• Deploy application-layer logging to capture and analyze all requests to /evaluacion_objetivos_ver_auto.aspx
• Configure database audit logging to detect execution of network-related stored procedures and functions

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable egress filtering and monitor outbound connections from database tier servers
• Set up alerts for DNS queries containing encoded or unusual subdomain patterns that may indicate data exfiltration
• Implement SIEM correlation rules to detect patterns consistent with OOB SQL injection attempts
• Monitor for increased latency or timeout patterns on the affected endpoint that may indicate blind injection probing

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-1483

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the /evaluacion_objetivos_ver_auto.aspx endpoint to authorized users only
• Implement strict input validation on the Id_usuario parameter, accepting only expected numeric or alphanumeric formats
• Deploy WAF rules to block SQL injection patterns targeting this endpoint
• Block outbound network connections from database servers to non-essential external destinations

Patch Information

Organizations should contact Gabinete Técnico de Programación directly for official patch availability and deployment guidance. Review the INCIBE Security Notice for updated remediation information.

Workarounds

• Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for all database interactions involving the Id_usuario parameter
• Deploy application-level input validation using allowlists for acceptable parameter formats
• Configure database server firewall rules to block all outbound DNS and HTTP traffic except to known, trusted destinations
• Consider placing the application behind a reverse proxy with SQL injection filtering capabilities until an official patch is available

# Database server egress filtering example (iptables)
# Block outbound DNS from database server to external destinations
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -m owner --uid-owner mssql -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -m owner --uid-owner mssql -j DROP

# Block outbound HTTP/HTTPS from database server
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m owner --uid-owner mssql -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -m owner --uid-owner mssql -j DROP