CVE-2026-1480: Performance Evaluation App SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2026-1480 Overview

An out-of-band SQL injection vulnerability (OOB SQLi) has been identified in the Performance Evaluation (EDD) application developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. This critical vulnerability exists in the Id_usuario parameter within the /evaluacion_objetivos_anyo_sig_evalua.aspx endpoint. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to extract sensitive information from the database through external channels without the application returning data directly in the response, compromising the confidentiality of stored information.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exfiltrate sensitive database contents via out-of-band channels, bypassing traditional detection mechanisms that monitor in-band responses.

Affected Products

• Performance Evaluation (EDD) Application by Gabinete Técnico de Programación

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-27 - CVE-2026-1480 published to NVD
• 2026-01-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-1480

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), commonly known as SQL Injection. The out-of-band (OOB) variant is particularly concerning because it allows attackers to exfiltrate data through external channels such as DNS lookups or HTTP requests to attacker-controlled servers, making it more difficult to detect through traditional application-layer monitoring.

The vulnerability resides in the Id_usuario parameter of the /evaluacion_objetivos_anyo_sig_evalua.aspx endpoint. When user-supplied input is passed to this parameter, the application fails to properly sanitize or parameterize the input before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code that, when executed, can initiate outbound connections to external servers carrying exfiltrated data.

Unlike traditional SQL injection where data is returned in the HTTP response, OOB SQLi leverages database functionality to make external network requests. For example, attackers can use database-specific functions like xp_dirtree (SQL Server) or UTL_HTTP (Oracle) to send data to their infrastructure, effectively bypassing web application firewalls that only inspect response content.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper input validation and the absence of parameterized queries in the application's database access layer. The Id_usuario parameter accepts user input that is directly concatenated into SQL statements without proper sanitization, encoding, or the use of prepared statements. This fundamental lack of input validation allows attackers to break out of the intended query context and execute arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-accessible and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint /evaluacion_objetivos_anyo_sig_evalua.aspx with a specially crafted Id_usuario parameter containing SQL injection payloads.

The OOB technique involves injecting SQL commands that cause the database server to make outbound network requests to attacker-controlled infrastructure. The attacker constructs payloads that extract database contents (such as usernames, passwords, or sensitive business data) and encode this information within DNS queries or HTTP requests sent to their external servers. By monitoring these external channels, attackers can reconstruct the exfiltrated data without any evidence appearing in the application's normal HTTP responses.

For detailed technical information about this vulnerability, refer to the INCIBE Security Notice on SQL Injection.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-1480

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual outbound DNS queries from database servers containing encoded data strings or suspicious subdomains
• Unexpected HTTP/HTTPS connections originating from database server infrastructure to external IP addresses
• Database audit logs showing execution of system stored procedures used for network operations (e.g., xp_dirtree, xp_fileexist, OPENROWSET)
• Web server logs containing suspicious SQL syntax patterns in the Id_usuario parameter values

Detection Strategies

• Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the Id_usuario parameter and similar input fields
• Enable database auditing to log all queries executed against the database, with alerts for suspicious SQL patterns or unauthorized stored procedure execution
• Implement egress filtering on database servers to detect and alert on unexpected outbound network connections
• Configure SentinelOne Singularity to monitor for behavioral anomalies on database server endpoints, including unusual process executions and network activity patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor DNS query logs from database servers for unusual query patterns, particularly queries to unfamiliar domains or those containing base64-encoded strings
• Implement network segmentation and monitor inter-zone traffic for database servers attempting to reach external networks
• Set up alerting for database query execution times significantly longer than baseline, which may indicate time-based blind SQLi attempts
• Utilize SentinelOne's deep visibility capabilities to track process lineage and network connections from database service processes

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-1480

Immediate Actions Required

• Implement input validation and sanitization on the Id_usuario parameter to reject any non-numeric or unexpected characters
• Deploy web application firewall rules to block SQL injection attempts targeting the /evaluacion_objetivos_anyo_sig_evalua.aspx endpoint
• Restrict database user permissions to minimum required privileges, removing access to extended stored procedures used for network operations
• Implement egress firewall rules to prevent database servers from initiating outbound connections to the internet

Patch Information

Consult the vendor, Gabinete Técnico de Programación, for the latest security patches addressing this vulnerability. Organizations should monitor the INCIBE Security Notice for updated remediation guidance. Until an official patch is available, implement the workarounds listed below.

Workarounds

• Convert all database queries using the Id_usuario parameter to use parameterized queries or prepared statements
• Implement a strict allowlist for the Id_usuario parameter, permitting only numeric values within expected ranges
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF in front of the application to filter malicious requests before they reach the vulnerable endpoint
• Disable or restrict access to database features commonly abused for OOB data exfiltration, such as xp_dirtree, xp_cmdshell, and OPENROWSET

# Example: Disable xp_cmdshell on SQL Server (if applicable)
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 0;
RECONFIGURE;