CVE-2025-69241: Raytha CMS Stored XSS Vulnerability

CVE-2025-69241 Overview

Raytha CMS contains a Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the profile editing functionality. An authenticated attacker can inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript code through the FirstName and LastName parameters, which will be stored persistently and executed when any user visits the affected page. This type of stored XSS vulnerability poses significant risk as the malicious payload persists on the server and affects all users who view the compromised content.

Critical Impact

Authenticated attackers can inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of other users' browsers, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, defacement, or further attack propagation within the Raytha CMS environment.

Affected Products

• Raytha CMS versions prior to 1.4.6
• All installations with profile editing functionality enabled
• Web applications built on the Raytha platform with user profile features

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-03-16 - CVE-2025-69241 published to NVD
• 2026-03-16 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-69241

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation), commonly known as Cross-Site Scripting. The flaw exists in the profile editing functionality where user-supplied input in the FirstName and LastName fields is not properly sanitized before being stored in the database and subsequently rendered on web pages.

When an authenticated user modifies their profile information, the application fails to encode or sanitize special characters that are meaningful in HTML/JavaScript contexts. This allows attackers to craft malicious payloads containing script tags or event handlers that are stored in the application's database. When other users or administrators view pages displaying this profile information, the malicious script executes in their browser context.

The network-based attack vector means exploitation requires only authenticated access to the profile editing feature. Once the payload is stored, it executes automatically without further attacker interaction, making this a persistent threat that can affect multiple victims from a single injection point.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and output encoding in the Raytha CMS profile management module. The application accepts and stores user input from the FirstName and LastName form fields without proper sanitization, and fails to encode this data when rendering it in HTML output. This lack of defense-in-depth allows script injection through profile data fields that should only contain plain text names.

Attack Vector

The attack is carried out over the network by an authenticated user with access to the profile editing functionality. The attacker navigates to the profile edit page and enters malicious JavaScript or HTML code into the FirstName or LastName input fields. Upon saving the profile, this malicious content is stored in the application database.

Subsequently, when any user views a page that displays the attacker's profile information—such as user listings, comment sections, or administrative dashboards—the browser interprets and executes the injected script. This could allow the attacker to steal session cookies, redirect users to phishing sites, modify page content, or perform actions on behalf of the victim user.

The vulnerability mechanism involves injecting script content through name fields in the profile editing form. When the profile is saved, the malicious payload is stored in the database. Any subsequent page render that displays these name fields will execute the injected script in the context of the viewing user's browser session. See the CERT Poland advisory for additional technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-69241

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTML tags or JavaScript syntax present in user profile FirstName or LastName database fields
• Browser console errors or unexpected script execution when viewing user profile pages
• Database entries containing <script>, onerror=, onclick=, or similar HTML/JavaScript constructs in name fields
• Unexpected outbound connections from client browsers when viewing profile-related pages

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect XSS payloads in POST requests to profile update endpoints
• Enable Content Security Policy (CSP) violation reporting to identify unexpected script execution attempts
• Configure database monitoring to alert on profile field updates containing suspicious character patterns such as <, >, script, or JavaScript event handlers
• Deploy client-side XSS detection mechanisms through browser security extensions or endpoint protection tools

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web server access logs for unusual patterns in profile editing requests, particularly those with encoded special characters
• Implement real-time alerting for CSP violations that may indicate XSS exploitation attempts
• Review database audit logs for profile modifications containing HTML or script-like content
• Track user session anomalies that could indicate successful XSS-based session hijacking

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-69241

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade Raytha CMS to version 1.4.6 or later immediately, as this version contains the security fix
• Audit existing user profile data in the database for any potentially malicious content in FirstName and LastName fields
• Implement Content Security Policy headers to mitigate the impact of any stored XSS payloads
• Consider temporarily restricting profile editing functionality until the patch is applied

Patch Information

The vulnerability has been addressed in Raytha CMS version 1.4.6. Organizations running affected versions should upgrade to this patched version as soon as possible. The fix implements proper input validation and output encoding for the FirstName and LastName parameters in the profile editing functionality. Additional information about Raytha CMS can be found at the official Raytha website.

Workarounds

• Implement server-side input validation to strip or encode HTML special characters from name fields before storage
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall with XSS protection rules targeting profile update endpoints
• Add output encoding at the template/view layer to ensure all user-supplied data is HTML-encoded before rendering
• Implement strict Content Security Policy headers with script-src directives that block inline script execution

# Example CSP header configuration for web server
# Add to your web server configuration or application headers
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'self';