CVE-2025-58441: Knowage Blind SSRF Vulnerability

CVE-2025-58441 Overview

CVE-2025-58441 is a blind Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability affecting Knowage, an open source analytics and business intelligence suite. Prior to version 8.1.37, the application allows attackers to send requests to arbitrary hosts and paths through a vulnerable endpoint. While the attacker cannot read the response directly (making this a "blind" SSRF), this vulnerability can be leveraged to scan internal networks and potentially interact with internal services that should not be exposed.

Critical Impact

Attackers can exploit this blind SSRF vulnerability to probe and scan internal network infrastructure, potentially discovering sensitive internal services and bypassing network segmentation controls.

Affected Products

• Knowage Server versions prior to 8.1.37
• Knowage Business Intelligence Suite (all components) < 8.1.37

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-07 - CVE CVE-2025-58441 published to NVD
• 2026-01-08 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-58441

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-918 (Server-Side Request Forgery). The flaw exists in Knowage Server's handling of user-supplied URLs, where the application makes HTTP requests to attacker-controlled destinations without proper validation or restrictions. The blind nature of this SSRF means that while attackers cannot directly view the response content, they can infer information based on response timing, error messages, or side effects of the requests.

The network-accessible attack vector means remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability without requiring authentication. However, the attack requires some preparation (AT:P in CVSS 4.0 terms), indicating that exploitation may not be entirely trivial and may depend on specific conditions being met.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in insufficient input validation and URL sanitization within Knowage Server. The application fails to properly restrict or validate URLs provided by users before making server-side HTTP requests. This allows attackers to specify arbitrary internal IP addresses, localhost references, or internal hostnames that the server then attempts to connect to on behalf of the attacker.

Proper SSRF prevention requires implementing allowlists for permitted domains/IPs, blocking requests to internal network ranges (RFC 1918 addresses, localhost, link-local addresses), and validating URL schemes to prevent protocol smuggling.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation. An attacker can craft malicious requests to the vulnerable Knowage endpoint, specifying internal network addresses or sensitive internal services as the target. Common exploitation scenarios include:

The attacker submits a crafted request containing a URL pointing to internal infrastructure such as http://192.168.1.1/admin, http://localhost:8080/management, or cloud metadata endpoints like http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/. The Knowage server then initiates the request from its network position, potentially bypassing firewall rules and accessing services that are not directly exposed to the internet.

Since this is a blind SSRF, attackers typically use timing-based techniques or out-of-band methods to exfiltrate data. For example, an attacker might scan for open ports by measuring response times, or leverage DNS-based data exfiltration through controlled DNS servers.

For detailed technical information, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-58441

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual outbound HTTP/HTTPS requests from the Knowage server to internal IP ranges (10.x.x.x, 172.16.x.x-172.31.x.x, 192.168.x.x)
• Requests to localhost or loopback addresses (127.0.0.1, ::1) originating from the application
• Connection attempts to cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254)
• Unexpected DNS queries for internal hostnames from the Knowage server

Detection Strategies

• Monitor network traffic for outbound connections from the Knowage server to internal network segments that should not be accessed
• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SSRF patterns in request parameters
• Review application logs for URL parameters containing internal IP addresses, localhost references, or suspicious schemes
• Configure network-level logging to capture all outbound connections from the Knowage server for forensic analysis

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging on the Knowage server and forward logs to a SIEM for correlation and alerting
• Set up alerts for any outbound traffic from the Knowage server to internal network ranges or sensitive endpoints
• Monitor for unusual patterns of failed connection attempts that may indicate port scanning activity
• Implement DNS query logging to detect attempts to resolve internal hostnames or suspicious external domains

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-58441

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade Knowage Server to version 8.1.37 or later immediately
• If immediate patching is not possible, implement network-level controls to restrict outbound connections from the Knowage server
• Review firewall rules to ensure the Knowage server cannot initiate connections to sensitive internal services
• Audit recent logs for signs of exploitation attempts

Patch Information

The vulnerability has been addressed in Knowage version 8.1.37. Organizations should upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability. The patch is available through the official Knowage release channels. For additional details, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory.

Workarounds

• Implement network segmentation to isolate the Knowage server from sensitive internal resources
• Configure egress filtering to restrict outbound connections from the Knowage server to only necessary external services
• Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) with SSRF detection rules in front of the Knowage application
• Use a reverse proxy that validates and restricts URL parameters before forwarding requests to Knowage

# Example: iptables rules to restrict outbound traffic from Knowage server
# Block access to internal network ranges
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 10.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 172.16.0.0/12 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 192.168.0.0/16 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 127.0.0.0/8 -j DROP
iptables -A OUTPUT -d 169.254.169.254 -j DROP