CVE-2025-53091: Wegia Time-Based Blind SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-53091 Overview

CVE-2025-53091 is a Time-Based Blind SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in WeGIA, an open source web manager focused on the Portuguese language and charitable institutions. The vulnerability exists in version 3.3.3 within the almox parameter of the /controle/getProdutosPorAlmox.php endpoint. This issue allows any unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary SQL queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or further exploitation depending on database configuration.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can extract sensitive data from the database, modify or delete records, and potentially escalate access to the underlying server through database functionality.

Affected Products

• WeGIA version 3.3.3
• WeGIA versions prior to 3.4.0

Discovery Timeline

• June 27, 2025 - CVE-2025-53091 published to NVD
• July 8, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-53091

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability represents a classic Time-Based Blind SQL Injection flaw (CWE-89) where user-supplied input is concatenated directly into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization. The affected endpoint /controle/getProdutosPorAlmox.php accepts the almox parameter via an HTTP request and incorporates it into a database query without adequate validation.

In Time-Based Blind SQL Injection, attackers cannot directly observe query results in the application response. Instead, they infer information by injecting SQL commands that cause deliberate delays in database response times. By measuring response time variations, attackers can extract database contents character by character, enumerate tables and columns, and ultimately access sensitive information stored in the database.

The vulnerability requires no authentication, meaning any remote attacker with network access to the WeGIA application can exploit this flaw. This significantly increases the risk profile as it broadens the potential attacker base to include any malicious actor who can reach the vulnerable endpoint.

Root Cause

The root cause stems from improper input validation in the getProdutosPorAlmox.php endpoint. The almox parameter value is directly incorporated into SQL statements without using prepared statements, parameterized queries, or adequate input sanitization. This allows specially crafted input containing SQL syntax to be interpreted and executed by the database engine rather than being treated as literal data.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires no user interaction or authentication. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the /controle/getProdutosPorAlmox.php endpoint, manipulating the almox parameter to include SQL injection payloads. Time-based techniques such as SLEEP() functions (in MySQL) or pg_sleep() (in PostgreSQL) allow attackers to confirm successful injection and extract data by observing response delays.

Exploitation typically involves automated tools that systematically inject payloads, measure response times, and progressively extract database schema information and sensitive data. Depending on database permissions and configuration, attackers may also be able to read or write files on the server, execute operating system commands through database features like xp_cmdshell (SQL Server) or LOAD_FILE()/INTO OUTFILE (MySQL), or pivot to other systems accessible to the database server.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-53091

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual HTTP requests to /controle/getProdutosPorAlmox.php containing SQL syntax patterns such as SLEEP, BENCHMARK, WAITFOR, or pg_sleep in the almox parameter
• Abnormally long response times for requests to the vulnerable endpoint indicating successful time-based injection
• Database query logs showing unusual or malformed SQL statements originating from the web application
• Sequential requests to the same endpoint with incrementally modified payloads, characteristic of automated SQL injection tools

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns in HTTP request parameters
• Enable detailed logging on the /controle/getProdutosPorAlmox.php endpoint and monitor for requests containing suspicious characters such as single quotes, semicolons, or SQL keywords
• Configure database query logging to capture and alert on queries with unusual syntax or timing functions
• Deploy network intrusion detection signatures for known SQL injection attack tools like sqlmap

Monitoring Recommendations

• Establish baseline response times for the vulnerable endpoint and alert on significant deviations that may indicate time-based injection attempts
• Monitor database server resource utilization for unexplained spikes that could indicate ongoing data extraction
• Review web server access logs for patterns of repeated requests to the vulnerable endpoint from single IP addresses or short time windows
• Implement real-time alerting for any authentication or authorization anomalies that could indicate successful database compromise

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-53091

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade WeGIA to version 3.4.0 or later, which contains the fix for this vulnerability
• If immediate patching is not possible, restrict network access to the vulnerable endpoint using firewall rules or web server configuration
• Implement Web Application Firewall rules to filter SQL injection attempts targeting the almox parameter
• Review database access logs for signs of prior exploitation and assess potential data exposure

Patch Information

WeGIA version 3.4.0 addresses this SQL Injection vulnerability. Organizations running version 3.3.3 or earlier should upgrade immediately. For detailed patch information and release notes, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory.

Workarounds

• Block or restrict access to the /controle/getProdutosPorAlmox.php endpoint at the network or web server level until patching is complete
• Implement input validation at the web server or reverse proxy level to reject requests containing SQL metacharacters in the almox parameter
• Apply database account principle of least privilege, ensuring the web application database user has minimal required permissions
• Consider placing the application behind a WAF with SQL injection protection rules while awaiting the upgrade

# Example: Apache mod_rewrite rule to block access to vulnerable endpoint
# Add to .htaccess or Apache configuration
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^controle/getProdutosPorAlmox\.php$ - [F,L]