CVE-2026-40285: WeGIA SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2026-40285 Overview

CVE-2026-40285 is a SQL injection vulnerability affecting WeGIA, a web manager application designed for charitable institutions. The vulnerability exists in the dao/memorando/UsuarioDAO.php file where the cpf_usuario POST parameter can be exploited by authenticated attackers. The insecure use of extract($_REQUEST) in DespachoControle::verificarDespacho() allows the attacker-controlled value to overwrite session-stored user identity, which is then interpolated directly into a raw SQL query without proper sanitization.

Critical Impact

Any authenticated user can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to query the database under an arbitrary identity, potentially exposing sensitive data, modifying records, or escalating privileges within the application.

Affected Products

• WeGIA versions prior to 3.6.10
• WeGIA Web Manager for charitable institutions (unpatched installations)

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-04-17 - CVE-2026-40285 published to NVD
• 2026-04-20 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-40285

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability stems from improper handling of user-controlled input in the WeGIA web manager application. The vulnerable code path involves two critical weaknesses working in tandem: first, the unsafe use of PHP's extract($_REQUEST) function which allows external parameters to overwrite internal variables, and second, the direct interpolation of user-controlled data into SQL queries without parameterization or escaping.

When an authenticated user submits a crafted cpf_usuario POST parameter, the extract($_REQUEST) call in DespachoControle::verificarDespacho() overwrites the session-stored user identity variable. This attacker-controlled value is subsequently used in a raw SQL query construction, enabling classic SQL injection attacks.

Root Cause

The root cause is twofold: the dangerous use of PHP's extract() function on untrusted input ($_REQUEST), combined with the failure to use parameterized queries or prepared statements when constructing SQL queries. The extract() function creates variables from array keys, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary values that overwrite existing variables. When these overwritten values are used in SQL string concatenation rather than bound parameters, SQL injection becomes possible.

Attack Vector

The attack requires network access and authenticated user privileges. An attacker with valid credentials can craft malicious POST requests containing SQL injection payloads in the cpf_usuario parameter. Since the vulnerability allows identity spoofing through variable overwriting, the attacker can potentially:

1. Extract sensitive data from the database through UNION-based or blind SQL injection techniques
2. Modify or delete database records
3. Bypass access controls by assuming different user identities
4. Potentially escalate to more severe attacks depending on database privileges and configuration

The vulnerability is exploited by sending a POST request to the affected endpoint with a malicious cpf_usuario parameter containing SQL injection syntax. The unsanitized value is incorporated into database queries, allowing arbitrary SQL execution.

For detailed technical information regarding the vulnerability mechanism, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-40285

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL syntax patterns in web server access logs, particularly in POST request bodies to memorando-related endpoints
• Database query logs showing unexpected queries with manipulated cpf_usuario values
• Authentication anomalies where users appear to access data belonging to other users
• Error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors or database exceptions

Detection Strategies

• Monitor web application firewall (WAF) logs for SQL injection patterns in the cpf_usuario parameter
• Implement intrusion detection rules to flag requests containing SQL metacharacters in POST parameters targeting UsuarioDAO.php or related endpoints
• Review database audit logs for queries that don't match expected application behavior
• Deploy application-level logging to capture and analyze parameter values before they reach database queries

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging on database servers to capture all query activity
• Configure WAF rules to block or alert on common SQL injection patterns including single quotes, SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, OR), and comment sequences
• Implement real-time alerting for database errors that may indicate injection attempts
• Monitor for unusual data access patterns that could indicate identity spoofing attacks

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-40285

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade WeGIA to version 3.6.10 or later immediately
• If immediate patching is not possible, restrict access to the vulnerable endpoints at the network or application layer
• Review database access logs for evidence of prior exploitation
• Audit user accounts and data integrity to detect any unauthorized modifications

Patch Information

The vulnerability has been addressed in WeGIA version 3.6.10. Organizations running affected versions should upgrade immediately. The patch information and security advisory are available through the GitHub Security Advisory for GHSA-666r-v2m7-xgp9.

Workarounds

• Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection attempts targeting the cpf_usuario parameter
• Implement network-level access controls to limit who can reach the affected endpoints
• Apply input validation at the reverse proxy or load balancer level if application-level patching is delayed
• Consider temporarily disabling the affected memorando functionality until patching can be completed

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection in cpf_usuario parameter
# ModSecurity rule example
SecRule ARGS:cpf_usuario "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    block,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in cpf_usuario parameter - CVE-2026-40285',\
    logdata:'Matched Data: %{MATCHED_VAR} found within %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}',\
    severity:'CRITICAL'"