CVE-2025-27096: Wegia SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-27096 Overview

CVE-2025-27096 is a SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in WeGIA, a Web Manager for Institutions with a focus on Portuguese language. The vulnerability exists in the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint and allows an authorized attacker to execute arbitrary SQL queries, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive information stored in the application's database.

Critical Impact

This SQL Injection vulnerability enables attackers with valid credentials to bypass application security controls and directly interact with the underlying database, potentially exposing confidential institutional data and compromising data integrity.

Affected Products

• WeGIA versions prior to 3.2.14
• WeGIA Web Manager installations using the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-02-20 - CVE-2025-27096 published to NVD
• 2025-02-28 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-27096

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) exists in the WeGIA application's personalizacao_upload.php endpoint. SQL Injection occurs when user-supplied input is incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization, allowing attackers to manipulate the query structure. In this case, the vulnerability requires authentication, meaning an attacker must first obtain valid credentials to exploit it. However, once authenticated, the attacker can craft malicious SQL statements that are executed directly against the database.

The impact of successful exploitation is severe, as attackers can potentially extract sensitive information from the database, modify or delete data, and in some cases escalate privileges or execute commands on the underlying system depending on database configuration.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-27096 is improper input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint. User-supplied input is directly concatenated into SQL statements rather than being properly escaped or bound as parameters, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL code that alters the intended query logic.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, requiring an authenticated attacker to send specially crafted HTTP requests to the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint. The attacker manipulates input parameters to inject SQL commands that the database executes with the application's privileges. Since this is a web application vulnerability, exploitation can occur remotely from anywhere with network access to the WeGIA installation. The attacker typically crafts payloads using techniques such as UNION-based injection, boolean-based blind injection, or time-based blind injection to extract data or manipulate database contents.

For technical details on the vulnerability mechanism, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-27096

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, or SQL keywords
• Database error messages appearing in application logs or HTTP responses indicating SQL syntax errors
• Unexpected database query patterns or slow queries that may indicate time-based SQL injection attempts
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database access in audit logs

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection rulesets to identify and block malicious payloads targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query patterns, unauthorized data access, or queries containing injection patterns
• Review web server access logs for requests to personalizacao_upload.php with suspicious parameter values
• Enable detailed application logging and regularly audit for SQL error messages or failed query attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Establish baseline behavior for normal requests to the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint and alert on deviations
• Configure real-time alerting for any database errors or exceptions originating from the WeGIA application
• Monitor for unusual spikes in data retrieval or database CPU utilization that could indicate exploitation attempts
• Implement network traffic analysis to detect large data transfers that may indicate successful data exfiltration

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-27096

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade WeGIA to version 3.2.14 or later immediately, as this version contains the security fix for CVE-2025-27096
• Review database audit logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts
• Restrict network access to the WeGIA installation to trusted IP ranges where possible
• Implement additional WAF rules to filter SQL injection patterns targeting the personalizacao_upload.php endpoint

Patch Information

The WeGIA development team has addressed this vulnerability in version 3.2.14. All users are strongly advised to upgrade to this version or later. The security advisory and patch details are available at the GitHub Security Advisory page.

Workarounds

• According to the vendor advisory, there are no known workarounds for this vulnerability
• Implement defense-in-depth measures such as WAF rules, network segmentation, and strict access controls as temporary mitigations until patching is possible
• Consider taking the application offline if it handles highly sensitive data and immediate patching is not feasible

# Upgrade WeGIA to the patched version
# Follow your organization's deployment procedures to update to version 3.2.14 or later
# Example: Update via package manager or download from official repository
cd /path/to/wegia
git pull origin main
git checkout v3.2.14
# Restart web server after update
sudo systemctl restart apache2