CVE-2025-2385: Modern Bag SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-2385 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in code-projects Modern Bag version 1.0. This vulnerability exists in the /login.php file where the userEmail and userPassword parameters are not properly sanitized, allowing attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. The attack can be initiated remotely without authentication, making it particularly dangerous for any deployment of this application.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability remotely to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data from the database, modify or delete records, and potentially gain unauthorized access to the underlying system.

Affected Products

• code-projects Modern Bag 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-03-17 - CVE-2025-2385 published to NVD
• 2025-04-07 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-2385

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability affects the authentication mechanism in the Modern Bag e-commerce application. The /login.php endpoint accepts user credentials through the userEmail and userPassword parameters but fails to implement proper input validation or parameterized queries. This allows attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting specially crafted SQL statements through these input fields.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of widespread exploitation attempts.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability stems from improper input sanitization in the login functionality. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input into SQL queries without using prepared statements or parameterized queries. This failure to validate and sanitize the userEmail and userPassword parameters allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The vulnerability is exploitable over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the /login.php endpoint containing SQL injection payloads in the userEmail or userPassword form fields.

A typical attack scenario involves submitting authentication requests with SQL metacharacters and commands embedded in the login credentials. For example, an attacker might use classic SQL injection techniques such as appending ' OR '1'='1 to bypass authentication checks, or more advanced payloads to extract database contents using UNION-based or blind SQL injection techniques. Technical details regarding the specific exploitation method can be found in the GitHub Issue Tracker and VulDB entry #299884.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-2385

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed HTTP POST requests to /login.php containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, or UNION keywords
• Database error messages in web server logs indicating SQL syntax errors
• Unexpected authentication successes without valid credentials
• Anomalous database queries appearing in database logs, particularly those attempting to enumerate tables or extract data

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the userEmail and userPassword parameters
• Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures targeting common SQL injection payloads
• Configure database activity monitoring to alert on suspicious query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Enable detailed logging on the web application to capture all authentication attempts and input parameters

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web server access logs for requests to /login.php containing encoded or obfuscated SQL injection payloads
• Set up alerts for failed authentication attempts followed by successful logins from the same source IP
• Review database audit logs regularly for evidence of data exfiltration or schema enumeration attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-2385

Immediate Actions Required

• Take the affected Modern Bag application offline or restrict access to trusted networks only until remediation is complete
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules in front of the application
• Review database and application logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts
• Reset all user credentials and database passwords as a precautionary measure

Patch Information

As of the last update on 2025-04-07, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations using code-projects Modern Bag 1.0 should monitor the Code Projects Homepage for any security updates. Given the public disclosure of this vulnerability and the lack of official remediation, consider replacing the application with a secure alternative or implementing substantial code modifications.

Workarounds

• Modify the /login.php file to use prepared statements with parameterized queries instead of string concatenation for all database interactions
• Implement strict input validation to reject any input containing SQL metacharacters in the email and password fields
• Deploy network-level access controls to limit who can reach the login endpoint
• Consider placing the application behind a reverse proxy with robust SQL injection filtering capabilities

# Example: Apache mod_security rule to block SQL injection attempts
SecRule ARGS "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection Attempt Detected on login.php',\
    chain"
    SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /login.php"