CVE-2025-15427: Seeyon Zhiyuan OA SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-15427 Overview

A SQL Injection vulnerability has been discovered in Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System up to version 20251222. This vulnerability affects an unknown function of the file /carManager/carUseDetailList.j%73p. The manipulation of the argument CAR_BRAND_NO results in SQL injection, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database. The attack can be performed remotely without authentication. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted about this vulnerability but did not respond.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this SQL Injection vulnerability to access, modify, or delete sensitive data in the database, potentially compromising the entire OA system and any business-critical information it contains.

Affected Products

• Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System up to 20251222
• Affected endpoint: /carManager/carUseDetailList.j%73p
• Vulnerable parameter: CAR_BRAND_NO

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-02 - CVE-2025-15427 published to NVD
• 2026-01-02 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-15427

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL Injection vulnerability exists in the Seeyon Zhiyuan OA Web Application System's car management module. The vulnerable endpoint /carManager/carUseDetailList.j%73p (where %73 is the URL-encoded character 's', making it carUseDetailList.jsp) fails to properly sanitize user input supplied through the CAR_BRAND_NO parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which is the parent category for injection vulnerabilities. The URL encoding of the .jsp extension in the endpoint path may indicate an attempt to bypass security filters or web application firewalls.

The network-accessible attack vector combined with the absence of authentication requirements makes this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations running exposed Seeyon OA instances.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and the lack of parameterized queries in the car management functionality. The CAR_BRAND_NO parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without adequate sanitization or escaping of special characters. This allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and inject malicious SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The attack can be performed remotely over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint with SQL injection payloads in the CAR_BRAND_NO parameter.

The URL-encoded JSP extension (j%73p) suggests the endpoint may be attempting to evade basic security filters. Attackers can leverage standard SQL injection techniques including UNION-based, error-based, blind, and time-based attacks depending on the database configuration and response handling.

The vulnerability allows attackers to potentially extract sensitive data from the database, modify or delete records, and in some configurations, execute system commands on the underlying database server.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-15427

Indicators of Compromise

• Anomalous HTTP requests targeting /carManager/carUseDetailList.j%73p or /carManager/carUseDetailList.jsp with SQL syntax in the CAR_BRAND_NO parameter
• Database query logs showing unexpected SQL syntax or UNION-based queries originating from the OA application
• Error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors or database exceptions
• Unusual data access patterns or bulk data extraction from tables associated with the car management module

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the CAR_BRAND_NO parameter
• Monitor HTTP access logs for requests containing URL-encoded paths like j%73p which may indicate evasion attempts
• Enable database query logging and audit for anomalous queries containing injection signatures such as UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or comment sequences
• Deploy intrusion detection signatures for known SQL injection attack patterns targeting Seeyon OA endpoints

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure real-time alerting for any requests to the vulnerable endpoint /carManager/carUseDetailList.jsp
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect unauthorized data access or modification
• Review web server access logs regularly for suspicious query string patterns targeting car management functionality
• Monitor for increases in database errors that may indicate injection attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-15427

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint /carManager/carUseDetailList.jsp using firewall rules or web server configuration
• Implement WAF rules to filter SQL injection payloads in the CAR_BRAND_NO parameter
• If the car management functionality is not critical, consider disabling access to the affected module entirely
• Audit the system for signs of prior exploitation and check database integrity

Patch Information

As of the last update, the vendor (Seeyon) has not responded to vulnerability disclosure attempts and no official patch is available. Organizations should implement compensating controls and monitor vendor communications for future security updates.

For additional technical details, refer to the VulDB entry and the GitHub issue documenting this vulnerability.

Workarounds

• Block or restrict network access to the /carManager/carUseDetailList.jsp endpoint at the firewall or reverse proxy level
• Implement input validation at the web application firewall to reject requests containing SQL metacharacters in the CAR_BRAND_NO parameter
• Consider placing the Seeyon OA system behind a VPN or internal network segment to limit external exposure
• If source code access is available, implement parameterized queries or prepared statements for the affected functionality

# Example: Block access to vulnerable endpoint using Apache .htaccess
<Location "/carManager/carUseDetailList.jsp">
    Require all denied
</Location>

# Example: Nginx configuration to block the vulnerable endpoint
location /carManager/carUseDetailList.jsp {
    deny all;
    return 403;
}