CVE-2025-11422 Overview
A SQL injection vulnerability has been discovered in Campcodes Advanced Online Voting Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/login.php file, where improper handling of the Username argument allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the backend database and administrative functions of the voting system.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to bypass authentication, extract sensitive voter data, manipulate election results, or gain unauthorized administrative access to the voting management system.
Affected Products
- Campcodes Advanced Online Voting System version 1.0
Discovery Timeline
- October 8, 2025 - CVE-2025-11422 published to NVD
- October 9, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-11422
Vulnerability Analysis
This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-74: Injection) affects the administrative login functionality of the Campcodes Advanced Online Voting Management System. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization of user-supplied data in the authentication process. When a user submits login credentials through the /admin/login.php endpoint, the Username parameter is directly incorporated into SQL queries without proper escaping or parameterization.
The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be actively used by threat actors. Given the sensitive nature of voting systems, successful exploitation could have significant implications for election integrity and data confidentiality. The vulnerability can be triggered remotely over the network without requiring any prior authentication or user interaction.
Root Cause
The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and the lack of parameterized queries in the /admin/login.php file. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input from the Username field into SQL statements, creating a classic SQL injection attack surface. This architectural flaw allows attackers to manipulate the structure of SQL queries by injecting specially crafted input.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious HTTP request to the /admin/login.php endpoint with a crafted payload in the Username parameter. Common SQL injection techniques such as boolean-based blind injection, time-based blind injection, or UNION-based injection may be employed to extract data, bypass authentication, or manipulate the database.
The vulnerability allows attackers to potentially:
- Bypass administrative authentication entirely
- Extract sensitive voter information and credentials
- Modify or delete voting records
- Escalate privileges within the application
- Execute administrative operations without authorization
For technical details and proof-of-concept information, see the GitHub Issue Discussion and VulDB entry #327357.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-11422
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual or malformed requests to /admin/login.php containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, double dashes, or UNION keywords
- Multiple failed login attempts followed by successful authentication from the same source IP
- Database query errors or timeouts associated with the login functionality
- Unexpected data extraction patterns or database access anomalies
Detection Strategies
- Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the Username parameter
- Monitor application logs for suspicious login attempts containing SQL metacharacters
- Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for common SQL injection attack patterns
- Configure database activity monitoring to alert on unusual query structures or excessive data retrieval
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable verbose logging for the /admin/login.php endpoint and review logs regularly for anomalies
- Set up real-time alerts for authentication failures and suspicious parameter values
- Monitor database query execution times for potential time-based injection attempts
- Track and investigate any unauthorized access to administrative functions
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-11422
Immediate Actions Required
- Remove public access to the vulnerable voting system until a patch is available or mitigations are implemented
- Implement input validation and sanitization for the Username parameter at the application level
- Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules in front of the application
- Review access logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts
Patch Information
At the time of publication, no official patch has been released by Campcodes for this vulnerability. Organizations using the Advanced Online Voting Management System should monitor the Campcodes website for security updates. In the absence of an official patch, implementing the workarounds below is strongly recommended.
Additional technical details can be found in the VulDB submission #665949.
Workarounds
- Implement prepared statements with parameterized queries in the /admin/login.php file to prevent SQL injection
- Deploy a web application firewall configured to block common SQL injection patterns
- Restrict network access to the administrative login page using IP allowlisting
- Consider temporarily disabling the administrative login functionality until proper fixes are implemented
# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection in login parameters (ModSecurity)
SecRule ARGS:Username "@detectSQLi" \
"id:1001,\
phase:2,\
deny,\
status:403,\
log,\
msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in Username parameter',\
tag:'attack-sqli'"
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
