CVE-2025-10809: Campcodes LMS SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-10809 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Learning Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /admin/department.php file, where improper handling of the d argument allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate database queries without authentication, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data from the database, modify or delete records, and potentially gain administrative access to the learning management system.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Learning Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• September 22, 2025 - CVE-2025-10809 published to NVD
• September 25, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-10809

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) affects the department management functionality within the administrative interface of the Campcodes Online Learning Management System. The vulnerable endpoint /admin/department.php fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input passed through the d parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries.

The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements that are then executed by the underlying database engine. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive student and faculty information, manipulation of course records, grade tampering, or complete database compromise. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of active exploitation attempts against vulnerable installations.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and the lack of parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /admin/department.php file. The application directly concatenates user-supplied data from the d argument into SQL queries without proper sanitization or escaping. This allows special SQL characters and commands to be interpreted as part of the query structure rather than as data values.

Attack Vector

The attack can be executed remotely over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the /admin/department.php endpoint with specially crafted values in the d parameter. These payloads can include SQL commands such as UNION SELECT statements to extract data, OR 1=1 conditions to bypass authentication logic, or destructive commands like DROP TABLE to corrupt the database.

The vulnerability is particularly dangerous in educational environments where the LMS may contain sensitive student personal information, academic records, and administrative credentials. Given that the exploit has been publicly disclosed, organizations running affected versions should prioritize remediation.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-10809

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed HTTP requests to /admin/department.php containing SQL syntax in the d parameter
• Database query errors or exceptions logged in application or web server logs referencing the department.php endpoint
• Unexpected database queries containing UNION, SELECT, DROP, INSERT, or DELETE statements originating from web application processes
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized access to student records, grades, or administrative accounts

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in requests to the /admin/department.php endpoint
• Configure database activity monitoring to alert on anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Review web server access logs for requests containing URL-encoded SQL metacharacters such as %27 (single quote), %3B (semicolon), or %2D%2D (comment sequence)
• Deploy intrusion detection system (IDS) signatures targeting known SQL injection attack patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for all database queries executed by the Online Learning Management System application
• Monitor for failed login attempts or authentication anomalies that may indicate credential extraction via SQL injection
• Establish baseline database access patterns and alert on deviations that could indicate exploitation
• Regularly audit user accounts and permissions for unauthorized modifications

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-10809

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the /admin/department.php endpoint using firewall rules or web server access controls
• Implement input validation on the d parameter to allow only expected values (typically numeric department IDs)
• Deploy a web application firewall with SQL injection protection rules enabled for the affected application
• Review database logs and application access logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been identified for this vulnerability at the time of publication. Organizations should monitor the CampCodes website for security updates. Additional technical details and vulnerability information can be found in the GitHub CVE Issue and VulDB entry #325167.

Workarounds

• Implement prepared statements or parameterized queries in the vulnerable /admin/department.php file to prevent SQL injection
• Apply strict input validation to accept only numeric values for the d parameter, rejecting any input containing SQL metacharacters
• Consider disabling or restricting access to the department management functionality until a proper fix can be implemented
• Migrate to an alternative learning management system with stronger security practices if patches are not forthcoming

# Example Apache configuration to restrict access to vulnerable endpoint
<Location "/admin/department.php">
    Order deny,allow
    Deny from all
    Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
    Allow from 192.168.0.0/16
</Location>