CVE-2025-0479 Overview
CVE-2025-0479 affects the CP Plus Router web interface due to insecure handling of cookie flags. The router fails to set protective attributes such as Secure and HttpOnly on session cookies. A remote attacker can intercept HTTP session data and obtain sensitive information from the targeted system. The weakness is classified under CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without 'Secure' Attribute.
Critical Impact
A network-positioned attacker can capture session cookies transmitted over unencrypted HTTP and hijack authenticated sessions to the router web interface, leading to information disclosure and full administrative compromise.
Affected Products
- CP Plus Router (web management interface)
- Specific firmware versions listed in the CERT-IN Vulnerability Note CIVN-2025-0005
- Deployments exposing the router management interface to untrusted networks
Discovery Timeline
- 2025-01-20 - CVE-2025-0479 published to NVD
- 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-0479
Vulnerability Analysis
The CP Plus Router issues authentication and session cookies through its web interface without enforcing security flags. The Secure flag instructs browsers to transmit cookies only over HTTPS channels. The HttpOnly flag prevents client-side scripts from accessing cookie values. When these flags are missing, session identifiers traverse the network in plaintext during HTTP transactions.
An attacker positioned on the same network segment can observe the unprotected traffic. Captured cookies allow the attacker to replay authenticated requests to the router. This grants access to configuration data, credentials, and administrative functions exposed through the web console.
The Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) places this issue at the 59th percentile, reflecting moderate near-term exploitation probability. No public proof-of-concept exploit has been catalogued at the time of writing.
Root Cause
The root cause is improper cookie attribute configuration in the router firmware. Developers omitted the Secure, HttpOnly, and SameSite attributes from Set-Cookie response headers. The web interface also accepts cookie transmission over HTTP rather than enforcing HTTPS-only sessions. This combination exposes session state to passive and active network adversaries.
Attack Vector
The attack vector is network-based and requires user interaction. An administrator must authenticate to the router web interface while an attacker observes the traffic path. The attacker uses passive sniffing on shared media, ARP spoofing, or rogue access points to intercept the HTTP session. Once the session cookie is captured, the attacker submits it in a forged request to assume the administrator's identity.
No authentication or elevated privileges are required by the attacker prior to interception. The exploitation chain depends on the victim performing legitimate administrative actions over an unencrypted channel.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-0479
Indicators of Compromise
- Authenticated sessions to the router web interface originating from unexpected internal or external IP addresses
- Concurrent administrative logins from geographically inconsistent locations within a short timeframe
- Unexplained configuration changes such as DNS server modifications, port forwarding rule additions, or new administrative accounts
- HTTP Set-Cookie headers from the router lacking Secure and HttpOnly attributes in network captures
Detection Strategies
- Inspect router HTTP responses with curl -I or a web proxy to verify that session cookies omit security flags
- Deploy network monitoring rules that flag plaintext HTTP authentication to internal management interfaces
- Correlate router audit logs with administrator workstation activity to identify session reuse from foreign hosts
- Apply intrusion detection signatures that alert on ARP spoofing and Layer 2 manipulation on management VLANs
Monitoring Recommendations
- Forward router syslog events to a centralized logging platform and alert on configuration changes outside maintenance windows
- Monitor administrative login frequency and source addresses for the router management subnet
- Track DHCP, ARP, and DNS anomalies on segments that carry router management traffic
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-0479
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the router web interface to a dedicated management VLAN or trusted jump host
- Disable HTTP access on the router and require HTTPS for all administrative sessions
- Force a password reset for all administrative accounts and invalidate existing sessions
- Review router configuration for unauthorized changes to DNS, routing, firewall, and account settings
Patch Information
Refer to the CERT-IN Vulnerability Note CIVN-2025-0005 for vendor-supplied firmware updates and version guidance. Apply the firmware update provided by CP Plus once available for the affected model. Validate the firmware integrity using the vendor-published checksum before deployment.
Workarounds
- Place the router management interface behind a VPN and block external access at the perimeter firewall
- Administer the router exclusively from wired connections on isolated network segments
- Clear browser cookies and close all sessions after each administrative task until firmware is patched
# Configuration example: verify cookie flags returned by the router
curl -I -k https://router.local/login
# Block external HTTP access to the router management port at the edge firewall
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 80 -d <router_ip> -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 443 -d <router_ip> ! -s <mgmt_subnet> -j DROP
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
