CVE-2019-25707: eBrigade ERP SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2019-25707 Overview

CVE-2019-25707 is an SQL injection vulnerability affecting eBrigade ERP version 4.5. This flaw allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL queries by injecting malicious code through the id parameter in the pdf.php endpoint. Attackers can craft GET requests with SQL payloads to extract sensitive database information, including table names and schema details.

Critical Impact

Authenticated attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to access, modify, or exfiltrate sensitive data from the underlying database, potentially compromising the entire ERP system's integrity and confidentiality.

Affected Products

• eBrigade ERP 4.5

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-04-12 - CVE-2019-25707 published to NVD
• 2026-04-13 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2019-25707

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command). The flaw exists within the pdf.php script of eBrigade ERP 4.5, where user-supplied input via the id parameter is incorporated directly into SQL queries without proper sanitization or parameterization.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability allows remote authenticated attackers to craft malicious requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint. Once exploited, attackers can retrieve unauthorized data from the database, potentially including user credentials, financial records, and other sensitive information stored within the ERP system. The vulnerability requires low privileges and no user interaction to exploit, making it relatively straightforward for threat actors with valid credentials.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation in the pdf.php file. The application fails to sanitize or parameterize the id parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This lack of input validation allows attackers to inject SQL syntax that alters the intended query logic, enabling unauthorized database access.

Attack Vector

The attack is executed over the network by sending crafted HTTP GET requests to the pdf.php endpoint. An authenticated attacker can manipulate the id parameter to include SQL injection payloads that extract database schema information, enumerate tables, or retrieve sensitive records.

The exploitation process involves sending requests with specially crafted id values containing SQL syntax. When the server processes these requests, the injected SQL commands are executed against the database. For example, attackers may use techniques like UNION-based injection to append additional SELECT statements that return data from arbitrary tables.

For detailed technical information and proof-of-concept examples, refer to the Exploit-DB #46117 entry and the VulnCheck eBrigade Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2019-25707

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual GET requests to pdf.php containing SQL keywords such as UNION, SELECT, FROM, WHERE, or single quotes in the id parameter
• Database error messages appearing in application logs or HTTP responses indicating SQL syntax errors
• Unexpected database queries extracting schema metadata (e.g., information_schema tables)
• Anomalous data access patterns from authenticated users targeting sensitive tables

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in request parameters
• Enable detailed logging for all requests to pdf.php and monitor for suspicious parameter values
• Deploy database activity monitoring to identify unusual query patterns or schema enumeration attempts
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for common SQL injection attack strings

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web server access logs for requests containing encoded or obfuscated SQL injection payloads
• Set up alerts for database queries that reference system tables like information_schema
• Track user activity patterns to identify accounts exhibiting reconnaissance behavior
• Review application error logs for SQL-related exceptions that may indicate exploitation attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2019-25707

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the pdf.php endpoint to only trusted users or IP addresses
• Deploy a web application firewall with SQL injection protection rules in front of the eBrigade ERP application
• Audit user accounts to ensure only necessary personnel have authenticated access
• Review database logs for evidence of prior exploitation

Patch Information

Organizations using eBrigade ERP 4.5 should check the eBrigade Official Website for any available security updates or patches. If no official patch is available, consider implementing the workarounds below and monitoring vendor communications for future updates.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation at the application layer to sanitize the id parameter before processing
• Use prepared statements or parameterized queries if modifying the source code is feasible
• Deploy a reverse proxy with request filtering to block malicious payloads
• Consider network segmentation to limit database access from the web application tier

# Example: Apache mod_security rule to block SQL injection attempts
SecRule ARGS:id "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in id parameter',\
    log,\
    auditlog"