CVE-2026-5587: MAC-SQL SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2026-5587 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in wbbeyourself MAC-SQL, specifically affecting the _execute_sql function within the core/agents.py file of the Refiner Agent component. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to manipulate SQL queries through improper input handling, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data, modify database contents, or potentially execute arbitrary commands on the underlying database server.

Affected Products

• wbbeyourself MAC-SQL (up to commit 31a9df5e0d520be4769be57a4b9022e5e34a14f4)
• MAC-SQL Refiner Agent component
• Systems utilizing the affected core/agents.py module

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-04-05 - CVE-2026-5587 published to NVD
• 2026-04-07 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-5587

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability exists in the Refiner Agent component of MAC-SQL, a text-to-SQL tool. The vulnerable function _execute_sql in core/agents.py fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries. This lack of input validation allows attackers to inject malicious SQL statements that are then executed by the database engine.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which encompasses injection flaws where attacker-controlled data is passed to an interpreter without proper escaping or validation.

MAC-SQL follows a rolling release model for continuous delivery, meaning traditional version numbers are not available. The affected code is identified by the Git commit hash 31a9df5e0d520be4769be57a4b9022e5e34a14f4 and earlier commits. The exploit has been publicly documented, increasing the risk of widespread exploitation.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the improper handling of user input within the _execute_sql function. The function directly incorporates externally-supplied data into SQL query strings without implementing parameterized queries, prepared statements, or adequate input sanitization. This design flaw allows specially crafted input containing SQL metacharacters to alter the intended query logic.

Attack Vector

The attack can be executed remotely over the network by an authenticated user. An attacker with low privileges can craft malicious input that, when processed by the Refiner Agent component, results in SQL injection. The vulnerability requires no user interaction beyond the initial malicious request.

The exploitation workflow involves:

1. Identifying input fields processed by the Refiner Agent
2. Crafting SQL injection payloads that escape the intended query context
3. Submitting the malicious input through the application's network interface
4. Achieving unauthorized database operations based on the injected SQL commands

Technical details and proof-of-concept information are documented in the GitHub Issue Documentation.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-5587

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected or malformed SQL queries in database logs containing injection patterns such as ' OR 1=1--, UNION SELECT, or ; DROP TABLE
• Unusual database errors or exceptions indicating query syntax errors
• Anomalous data extraction patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Authentication bypass attempts or privilege escalation events in application logs

Detection Strategies

• Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous SQL query patterns
• Deploy web application firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection rules
• Enable detailed logging for the MAC-SQL Refiner Agent component
• Monitor for suspicious network traffic patterns to database endpoints
• Utilize SentinelOne Singularity Platform for real-time threat detection and behavioral analysis

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure alerting for SQL error messages that may indicate injection attempts
• Monitor application logs for unusual input patterns containing SQL metacharacters
• Implement database query auditing to track all executed SQL statements
• Review network traffic for unexpected database protocol communications

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-5587

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to instances running affected MAC-SQL deployments
• Implement strict input validation at the application layer to filter SQL metacharacters
• Apply principle of least privilege to database accounts used by MAC-SQL
• Enable enhanced monitoring and logging for the Refiner Agent component
• Consider deploying a web application firewall with SQL injection protection rules

Patch Information

As of the last CVE update on 2026-04-07, no official patch has been released by the vendor. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond. Organizations should monitor the VulDB Vulnerability Entry and the project's GitHub repository for future updates or fixes.

Since MAC-SQL uses a rolling release model, any fix would be incorporated into newer commits rather than a versioned release. Users should check for commits that address the SQL injection issue in core/agents.py once available.

Workarounds

• Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements at the application level before input reaches the vulnerable function
• Deploy input validation middleware to sanitize all user-supplied data before processing
• Use database-level permissions to restrict the operations available to the MAC-SQL database user
• Isolate MAC-SQL instances in a segmented network environment with restricted access
• Consider temporarily disabling the Refiner Agent component if not critical to operations