CVE-2026-48134: UserCheck Web Portal SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2026-48134 Overview

CVE-2026-48134 affects the Check Point UserCheck Web Portal when Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is active. The vulnerability is an input-handling issue in the UserChoice flow, classified under [CWE-89] (SQL Injection). An attacker who can reach the UserCheck Ask page may manipulate the Security Gateway's stored DLP/UserCheck incident information. Successful abuse can cause loss of stored incident entries, mishandling of pending approvals, or resource impact through repeated abuse. Exposure decreases when the UserCheck Portal is not reachable from untrusted networks.

Critical Impact

An unauthenticated network attacker who can reach the UserCheck Ask page can tamper with stored DLP incident data, disrupt pending approval workflows, and degrade Security Gateway resources.

Affected Products

• Check Point Security Gateway with UserCheck Web Portal enabled
• Deployments where Data Loss Prevention (DLP) blade is active
• Configurations exposing the UserCheck Ask page to reachable networks

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-05-26 - CVE-2026-48134 published to NVD
• 2026-05-26 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-48134

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability resides in the UserCheck Web Portal, which Check Point Security Gateways use to interact with end users during DLP enforcement. When DLP is active, the portal presents users with an Ask page where they choose whether to send, discard, or justify a flagged transmission. The UserChoice flow accepts attacker-influenced parameters that flow into backend data operations without sufficient validation.

The CWE-89 classification indicates the input reaches a SQL or SQL-like query interface used to record and update DLP/UserCheck incidents. By crafting parameters submitted through the Ask page, an attacker can alter the intended query semantics. The result is manipulation of stored incident records rather than direct extraction of arbitrary data, which aligns with the limited confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact reported by the vendor.

Exploitation requires specific conditions, reflected in the high attack complexity. No authentication or user interaction is required, and the attack vector is network-based through the portal's HTTP interface.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper neutralization of special elements in input passed to the UserCheck incident storage layer. The UserChoice handler does not adequately parameterize or sanitize user-supplied values before they reach the underlying query, allowing structured query syntax to influence stored data operations.

Attack Vector

An attacker reaches the UserCheck Ask page over the network and submits crafted values in the UserChoice flow. The crafted input modifies how the Security Gateway records or updates DLP incident entries, deletes or corrupts stored entries, or causes excessive backend processing when repeated. The vulnerability manifests through the portal's HTTP request handling. See the Check Point Security Advisory for technical details specific to the affected flow.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-48134

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected loss or modification of DLP/UserCheck incident entries in the Security Gateway logs
• Pending DLP approval requests that disappear, duplicate, or transition to incorrect states
• HTTP requests to the UserCheck Ask page containing SQL metacharacters such as ', --, ;, or UNION in UserChoice parameters
• Abnormal spikes in UserCheck Portal request volume from a single source

Detection Strategies

• Inspect web access logs for the UserCheck Portal and alert on UserChoice parameter values containing SQL syntax tokens
• Correlate DLP incident database changes with the originating UserCheck HTTP request source IP and session
• Baseline normal UserCheck Ask page traffic volume and flag deviations indicative of automated abuse

Monitoring Recommendations

• Forward UserCheck Portal and DLP blade logs to a centralized analytics platform with retention sufficient for incident reconstruction
• Monitor Security Gateway resource metrics (CPU, memory, database I/O) for sustained anomalies tied to portal activity
• Alert on access to the UserCheck Portal from untrusted or external network segments

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-48134

Immediate Actions Required

• Apply the fix described in the Check Point advisory sk184983 to all affected Security Gateways
• Restrict UserCheck Portal reachability to trusted internal networks using firewall policy
• Audit recent DLP/UserCheck incident records for evidence of tampering or unexpected deletions
• Review and re-validate any pending DLP approval decisions made during the exposure window

Patch Information

Check Point published remediation guidance in Check Point Security Advisory sk184983. Administrators should consult the advisory for the specific hotfix or version applicable to their Security Gateway and DLP blade deployment.

Workarounds

• Block external access to the UserCheck Web Portal until the patch is deployed
• Limit UserCheck Portal exposure to authenticated internal user segments via network access control
• Disable the DLP UserCheck Ask flow temporarily if business processes permit, reverting to enforce-only or notify-only modes

# Example: restrict UserCheck Portal access to internal subnets at the perimeter
# (Adapt to your Check Point policy package and object names)
# Allow only internal corporate networks to reach the UserCheck Portal
# Source:      net_corp_internal
# Destination: gw_usercheck_portal
# Service:     https (TCP/443)
# Action:      Accept
#
# Deny all other sources
# Source:      Any
# Destination: gw_usercheck_portal
# Service:     https (TCP/443)
# Action:      Drop, Log