CVE-2026-2111: JeecgBoot Path Traversal Vulnerability

CVE-2026-2111 Overview

A path traversal vulnerability has been identified in JeecgBoot up to version 3.9.0. This vulnerability affects the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Module, specifically within the /airag/knowledge/doc/edit endpoint. By manipulating the filePath argument, an attacker can traverse directory structures and potentially access files outside the intended directory scope. The attack can be executed remotely by authenticated users with low privileges.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit the path traversal vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the server, potentially exposing sensitive configuration files, credentials, or other confidential data stored on the affected JeecgBoot system.

Affected Products

• JeecgBoot versions up to and including 3.9.0
• JeecgBoot Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Module
• Systems with the /airag/knowledge/doc/edit endpoint exposed

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-02-07 - CVE-2026-2111 published to NVD
• 2026-02-09 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2026-2111

Vulnerability Analysis

This path traversal vulnerability (CWE-22) exists in JeecgBoot's Retrieval-Augmented Generation Module, a component designed to handle knowledge document management for AI-powered retrieval systems. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied input in the filePath parameter of the /airag/knowledge/doc/edit endpoint.

When processing document edit requests, the application fails to properly sanitize or validate the filePath parameter, allowing attackers to inject directory traversal sequences such as ../ to navigate outside the intended document storage directory. This enables unauthorized read access to files elsewhere on the file system.

The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way, leaving users without an official patch at the time of publication.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation (CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory). The filePath parameter is processed without adequate sanitization to prevent directory traversal sequences. The application does not implement proper path canonicalization or restrict file operations to a designated safe directory, allowing attackers to escape the intended directory context.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based and requires low-privilege authentication to exploit. An authenticated attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the /airag/knowledge/doc/edit endpoint, inserting path traversal sequences (e.g., ../../../etc/passwd) in the filePath parameter to access sensitive files on the server.

The vulnerability allows unauthorized access to confidential data but does not appear to permit file modification or deletion based on the current analysis. The exploit has been made available to the public, increasing the risk of widespread exploitation.

For detailed technical information about the exploitation mechanism, refer to the Yuque Security Documentation and VulDB Entry #344687.

Detection Methods for CVE-2026-2111

Indicators of Compromise

• HTTP requests to /airag/knowledge/doc/edit containing ../ sequences in the filePath parameter
• Log entries showing file access attempts outside the expected document storage directories
• Unusual file read operations targeting sensitive system files such as /etc/passwd, configuration files, or credential stores
• Multiple sequential requests probing different directory depths (e.g., ../, ../../, ../../../)

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block path traversal patterns in HTTP parameters
• Monitor application logs for requests containing encoded or unencoded directory traversal sequences
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) to alert on path traversal attack signatures targeting the RAG module endpoints
• Audit file access patterns for anomalous reads of files outside the application's document directories

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for all requests to the /airag/knowledge/doc/edit endpoint
• Set up alerts for any file access operations that resolve to paths outside the designated knowledge document storage
• Monitor for reconnaissance activities such as repeated 404 errors or permission denied responses indicating traversal attempts
• Review authentication logs for unusual access patterns from low-privilege accounts targeting RAG module endpoints

How to Mitigate CVE-2026-2111

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the JeecgBoot RAG Module endpoints to trusted users and networks only
• Implement web application firewall rules to block requests containing path traversal sequences
• Disable or remove the /airag/knowledge/doc/edit endpoint if not required for business operations
• Audit existing access logs for evidence of prior exploitation attempts

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no official patch has been released by the vendor. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond. Users should monitor the official JeecgBoot repository and security advisories for updates. In the absence of an official fix, organizations should implement the recommended workarounds and consider the risk of continued use of affected versions.

For additional vulnerability details, see VulDB CTI ID #344687 and VulDB Submission #746789.

Workarounds

• Implement server-side input validation to sanitize the filePath parameter, stripping or rejecting path traversal sequences
• Use path canonicalization functions to resolve file paths and verify they remain within the allowed directory
• Apply the principle of least privilege to the application's file system permissions, restricting read access to only necessary directories
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF configured to filter malicious path traversal patterns before requests reach the application

# Example WAF rule to block path traversal attempts (ModSecurity syntax)
SecRule ARGS:filePath "@contains ../" \
    "id:1001,phase:2,deny,status:403,msg:'Path traversal attempt blocked'"