CVE-2025-9582: Comfast CF-N1 Firmware RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-9582 Overview

A command injection vulnerability has been discovered in the Comfast CF-N1 router firmware version 2.6.0. The flaw exists in the ntp_timezone function within the /usr/bin/webmgnt binary, where improper handling of the timestr argument allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary system commands. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by authenticated attackers, potentially leading to complete device compromise.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers with low-level privileges can execute arbitrary commands on affected Comfast CF-N1 devices, potentially gaining full control of the router and compromising network security.

Affected Products

• Comfast CF-N1 Firmware version 2.6.0
• Comfast CF-N1 Hardware Device

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-08-28 - CVE-2025-9582 published to NVD
• 2025-09-11 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-9582

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-77 (Command Injection) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The ntp_timezone function in the web management binary fails to properly sanitize the timestr parameter before passing it to system command execution functions. This allows an attacker to append malicious commands to legitimate time zone configuration requests, which are then executed with the privileges of the web management process.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability makes it particularly concerning for exposed devices. An attacker with valid credentials can remotely manipulate the NTP timezone configuration interface to inject shell commands that will be executed on the underlying operating system.

Root Cause

The root cause lies in insufficient input validation within the ntp_timezone function. The timestr argument is directly incorporated into a system command without proper sanitization or escaping of shell metacharacters. This allows special characters such as semicolons, pipes, and command substitution operators to break out of the intended command context and execute arbitrary attacker-supplied commands.

Attack Vector

The attack is conducted remotely over the network through the device's web management interface. An authenticated attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request to the NTP timezone configuration endpoint, including shell metacharacters and commands within the timestr parameter.

The exploitation process involves:

1. Authenticating to the Comfast CF-N1 web management interface
2. Navigating to or directly requesting the NTP timezone configuration endpoint
3. Injecting malicious commands through the timestr parameter using shell metacharacters
4. The injected commands execute with the privileges of the web management process

For detailed technical information about this vulnerability, refer to the GitHub Configuration Repository and VulDB entry #321695.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-9582

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual processes spawning from the /usr/bin/webmgnt binary
• Unexpected outbound network connections from the router
• Modified system files or configuration outside of normal administrative activity
• Presence of unauthorized user accounts or SSH keys on the device

Detection Strategies

• Monitor web management interface logs for suspicious requests containing shell metacharacters in timezone-related parameters
• Implement network traffic analysis to detect anomalous command patterns in HTTP requests to the device
• Deploy intrusion detection rules to identify command injection payloads targeting the timestr parameter
• Review device logs for unexpected command execution patterns or error messages

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable comprehensive logging on Comfast CF-N1 devices if supported
• Monitor network traffic to and from affected devices for signs of exploitation or data exfiltration
• Implement network segmentation to isolate IoT and router devices from critical infrastructure
• Use SentinelOne Singularity to monitor for behavioral anomalies in network device activity

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-9582

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the web management interface to trusted IP addresses only
• Change default credentials and enforce strong authentication on affected devices
• Disable remote management if not required for operations
• Place affected devices behind a firewall with strict ingress filtering
• Monitor for vendor firmware updates addressing this vulnerability

Patch Information

As of the last NVD update on 2025-09-11, no official patch information has been published by Comfast. Organizations should monitor the vendor's official channels for security updates and apply patches as soon as they become available. Check VulDB entry #321695 for the latest information regarding patch availability.

Workarounds

• Implement network access control lists (ACLs) to restrict management interface access to authorized IP addresses only
• Disable the web management interface entirely if remote management is not required
• Use a VPN to access the management interface rather than exposing it directly to untrusted networks
• Consider replacing vulnerable devices with supported alternatives if no patch is forthcoming

# Example firewall rule to restrict management access (adjust for your environment)
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP