CVE-2025-9582: Comfast CF-N1 Firmware RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-9582 Overview

CVE-2025-9582 is a command injection vulnerability affecting the Comfast CF-N1 wireless access point running firmware version 2.6.0. The flaw resides in the ntp_timezone function within the /usr/bin/webmgnt binary. Attackers can manipulate the timestr argument to inject arbitrary operating system commands. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely and requires low-level authenticated access to the device's web management interface. A public exploit has been disclosed, increasing the risk of opportunistic attacks against exposed devices.

Critical Impact
Authenticated remote attackers can execute arbitrary commands on affected Comfast CF-N1 devices by injecting shell metacharacters into the timestr parameter handled by the NTP timezone configuration function.

Affected Products

Comfast CF-N1 firmware version 2.6.0
Comfast CF-N1 hardware device
/usr/bin/webmgnt web management binary

Discovery Timeline

2025-08-28 - CVE-2025-9582 published to NVD
2026-04-29 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-9582

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability exists in the ntp_timezone function exported by the /usr/bin/webmgnt binary on the Comfast CF-N1 access point. This function processes user-supplied input through the timestr argument when configuring Network Time Protocol (NTP) timezone settings. The function passes this input to a shell or system call without proper sanitization, enabling command injection [CWE-77] and improper neutralization of special elements [CWE-74].

The attack vector is the network, and exploitation requires low-privileged authenticated access to the web management interface. Successful exploitation grants the attacker command execution within the context of the web management process, typically root on embedded Linux-based access points.

Root Cause

The ntp_timezone handler concatenates the attacker-controlled timestr value directly into a shell command string. The absence of input validation, escaping, or use of safe execution primitives such as execve with argument arrays allows shell metacharacters like ;, |, &&, and backticks to break out of the intended command context.

Attack Vector

An authenticated attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the web management endpoint that invokes ntp_timezone. The request includes a timestr parameter containing shell metacharacters followed by attacker-supplied commands. The injected payload executes when the device processes the timezone update. Refer to the GitHub NTP Timezone Repository and VulDB entry #321695 for technical proof-of-concept details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-9582

Indicators of Compromise

HTTP POST requests to the webmgnt interface containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $()) in the timestr parameter.
Unexpected child processes spawned from the webmgnt binary, particularly shell interpreters or networking utilities such as wget, curl, nc, or telnetd.
Outbound connections from the access point to unknown hosts following NTP configuration changes.

Detection Strategies

Inspect web management access logs for requests targeting NTP timezone configuration with non-standard timezone strings.
Monitor for process creation anomalies where webmgnt spawns interpreters or downloads payloads.
Deploy network intrusion detection signatures that match common command injection payload patterns in HTTP request bodies destined for the device management interface.

Monitoring Recommendations

Restrict the web management interface to trusted management VLANs and log all administrative access attempts.
Forward syslog output from the device to a centralized SIEM for retention and correlation with network telemetry.
Alert on configuration changes to NTP settings performed outside approved change windows.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-9582

Immediate Actions Required

Remove the Comfast CF-N1 web management interface from any internet-exposed network segment.
Rotate administrative credentials and disable any default accounts on affected devices.
Audit recent NTP and timezone configuration changes for signs of tampering.

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no vendor patch is referenced in the available advisories for Comfast CF-N1 firmware 2.6.0. Operators should monitor the VulDB record and Comfast vendor channels for firmware updates that remediate the ntp_timezone input handling.

Workarounds

Place affected devices behind a firewall that blocks all inbound access to HTTP and HTTPS management ports from untrusted networks.
Restrict administrative access using source IP allowlists where the device supports such configuration.
Decommission and replace end-of-support devices that cannot be isolated or patched.

bash

# Configuration example: restrict management access using upstream firewall rules
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <CF-N1-IP> --dport 80 -s <trusted-mgmt-subnet> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <CF-N1-IP> --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <CF-N1-IP> --dport 443 -s <trusted-mgmt-subnet> -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <CF-N1-IP> --dport 443 -j DROP