CVE-2025-70148: Membership Management System Auth Bypass

CVE-2025-70148 Overview

CVE-2025-70148 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability affecting CodeAstro Membership Management System 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the print_membership_card.php script, which lacks proper authentication and authorization controls. This allows unauthenticated attackers to access membership card data belonging to arbitrary users by manipulating the id parameter in direct HTTP requests.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can access sensitive membership card information for any user in the system by simply modifying the id parameter, leading to mass data exposure without requiring any credentials.

Affected Products

• CodeAstro Membership Management System 1.0
• PHP-based membership management deployments using vulnerable print_membership_card.php endpoint

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-02-18 - CVE-2025-70148 published to NVD
• 2026-02-19 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-70148

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization), a common weakness where an application fails to perform proper access control checks before granting access to protected resources. The print_membership_card.php endpoint in CodeAstro Membership Management System 1.0 does not verify whether the requesting user is authenticated or authorized to view the requested membership card data.

The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means attackers can exploit it remotely without any prior authentication or special privileges. The attack complexity is low, requiring only basic HTTP request manipulation. While the vulnerability is limited to confidentiality impact (read-only access to data), it exposes potentially sensitive membership information including personal details stored in membership records.

Root Cause

The root cause is the complete absence of authentication and authorization checks in the print_membership_card.php file. The script directly processes the id parameter from incoming requests and retrieves corresponding membership card data from the database without verifying:

1. Whether the requester is a logged-in user
2. Whether the requester has permission to view the specified membership record
3. Whether the id parameter belongs to the requester's own membership data

This represents a fundamental access control failure where the application trusts user-supplied input to determine which records to display.

Attack Vector

The attack leverages direct HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint. An attacker can enumerate membership records by iterating through sequential or predictable id values in the URL parameter. For example, accessing print_membership_card.php?id=1, then print_membership_card.php?id=2, and so on, would expose membership card data for multiple users in the system.

Since no authentication is required, attackers can automate this enumeration process to harvest all membership records in the database. The attack requires only network access to the vulnerable web application and basic knowledge of HTTP request manipulation.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-70148

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual access patterns to print_membership_card.php with sequential or bulk id parameter requests
• Multiple requests to the membership card endpoint from unauthenticated sessions
• Access logs showing rapid enumeration of id values from single IP addresses
• Requests to the vulnerable endpoint from external IP addresses without valid session cookies

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block enumeration attempts targeting the print_membership_card.php endpoint
• Monitor access logs for requests to print_membership_card.php that lack authentication session identifiers
• Deploy anomaly detection for unusual request volumes or patterns to membership-related endpoints
• Configure alerting for sequential parameter access attempts indicating automated enumeration

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for all requests to membership management endpoints including full request parameters
• Implement rate limiting on the print_membership_card.php endpoint to slow enumeration attacks
• Monitor for bulk data access patterns that may indicate exploitation
• Review access logs regularly for unauthenticated access to sensitive endpoints

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-70148

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to print_membership_card.php by implementing authentication requirements immediately
• Consider taking the vulnerable endpoint offline until proper access controls can be implemented
• Audit access logs to determine if the vulnerability has already been exploited
• Notify affected users if unauthorized access to membership data is detected

Patch Information

No official patch information is currently available from the vendor. System administrators should implement custom mitigations or contact CodeAstro for security updates. Additional technical details and analysis can be found in the security researcher's blog post and the product page.

Workarounds

• Add PHP authentication checks at the beginning of print_membership_card.php to verify user session validity
• Implement authorization logic to ensure users can only access their own membership records
• Use .htaccess rules or web server configuration to require authentication for the vulnerable endpoint
• Deploy a reverse proxy with authentication requirements in front of the application
• Consider implementing parameterized tokens or UUIDs instead of sequential integer IDs to prevent enumeration