CVE-2025-66913: Jeecg JimuReport RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-66913 Overview

CVE-2025-66913 is a critical remote code execution vulnerability affecting JimuReport through version 2.1.3. The vulnerability exists in how the application processes user-controlled H2 JDBC URLs. When the application passes attacker-supplied JDBC URLs directly to the H2 driver without proper validation, malicious actors can leverage specific H2 directives to execute arbitrary Java code on the target system.

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-94 (Improper Control of Generation of Code, also known as Code Injection), highlighting the fundamental issue of insufficient input validation when handling database connection strings.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can achieve remote code execution by injecting malicious H2 JDBC URLs, potentially leading to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, and lateral movement within the network.

Affected Products

• Jeecg JimuReport versions through 2.1.3
• Applications integrating vulnerable JimuReport components
• Systems exposing JimuReport functionality to untrusted network access

Discovery Timeline

• 2026-01-08 - CVE-2025-66913 published to NVD
• 2026-01-30 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-66913

Vulnerability Analysis

This code injection vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code on affected JimuReport installations. The vulnerability arises from the application's failure to properly sanitize or validate JDBC connection URLs before passing them to the H2 database driver.

The H2 database driver supports special directives within JDBC URLs that can be abused to execute arbitrary code. When JimuReport accepts user-controlled input for database connection configuration and passes it directly to the H2 driver, attackers can craft malicious JDBC URLs containing code execution payloads.

This vulnerability is distinct from CVE-2025-10770, which addresses a different security issue in the same product.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-66913 is improper input validation when processing JDBC URL parameters. The JimuReport application fails to implement adequate sanitization or allowlisting mechanisms for JDBC connection strings, allowing attackers to inject H2-specific directives that enable code execution.

The H2 database driver supports special URL parameters such as INIT scripts, RUNSCRIPT, and alias definitions that can be weaponized to execute arbitrary Java code when the connection is established. Without proper validation, these dangerous directives pass through to the database driver unchanged.

Attack Vector

The attack is network-based and requires no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by submitting a specially crafted H2 JDBC URL to the vulnerable JimuReport endpoint. The malicious URL contains H2-specific directives that trigger Java code execution when the database connection is processed.

The exploitation flow typically involves:

1. The attacker identifies a JimuReport instance accepting JDBC URL configuration input
2. A malicious JDBC URL is crafted containing H2 code execution directives
3. The payload is submitted to the vulnerable endpoint
4. JimuReport passes the URL to the H2 driver without sanitization
5. The H2 driver processes the malicious directives, executing arbitrary Java code

Technical details about the specific exploitation method can be found in the GitHub Gist resource and the GitHub issue discussion.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-66913

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual H2 database connection attempts with suspicious URL parameters containing INIT, RUNSCRIPT, or CREATE ALIAS directives
• Unexpected Java process execution spawned from the JimuReport application context
• Log entries showing JDBC URL submissions with encoded or obfuscated payloads
• Network connections to external hosts originating from the JimuReport server following database configuration changes

Detection Strategies

• Monitor application logs for JDBC URL submissions containing H2-specific exploitation patterns
• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block malicious JDBC URL patterns
• Deploy endpoint detection to identify suspicious child processes spawned by JimuReport
• Analyze network traffic for anomalous outbound connections from application servers

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging for JimuReport database connection handling
• Configure alerts for JDBC URL inputs containing potentially malicious H2 directives
• Monitor system calls and process creation events on servers running JimuReport
• Implement file integrity monitoring for JimuReport installation directories

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-66913

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade JimuReport to a patched version that addresses CVE-2025-66913
• Restrict network access to JimuReport instances to trusted sources only
• Implement input validation at the network perimeter to block malicious JDBC URL patterns
• Review application logs for evidence of exploitation attempts

Patch Information

Organizations should consult the official JimuReport GitHub repository for patch availability and upgrade instructions. It is critical to upgrade beyond version 2.1.3 once a fixed release is available.

Verify patch deployment by confirming the installed version and testing that malicious JDBC URL patterns are properly rejected.

Workarounds

• Implement strict input validation to allowlist only safe JDBC URL patterns before processing
• Deploy network segmentation to isolate JimuReport instances from untrusted network segments
• Use a reverse proxy or WAF to filter requests containing dangerous H2 JDBC directives
• Consider disabling or restricting database configuration functionality if not required

# Example: Restrict network access to JimuReport using iptables
# Allow only trusted management subnet
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -s 10.0.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j DROP