CVE-2025-5604: Campcodes Hospital Management SQL Injection

CVE-2025-5604 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Hospital Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /user-login.php file, where improper handling of the Username parameter allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL statements. This flaw enables unauthorized access to sensitive healthcare data and potentially full database compromise.

Critical Impact

Attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability remotely without authentication to access, modify, or delete sensitive patient records and healthcare data stored in the Hospital Management System database.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Hospital Management System 1.0
• Installations using the vulnerable /user-login.php authentication endpoint

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-06-04 - CVE-2025-5604 published to NVD
• 2025-06-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5604

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability affects the user authentication mechanism in Campcodes Hospital Management System. The /user-login.php file fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the Username parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This allows attackers to craft malicious input that modifies the intended SQL logic, potentially bypassing authentication entirely or extracting sensitive data from the backend database.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), commonly referred to as injection vulnerabilities. Healthcare management systems contain highly sensitive patient data including medical records, personal information, and billing details, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous in production environments.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and lack of parameterized queries in the user login functionality. The application directly concatenates user-supplied input into SQL statements without proper sanitization or the use of prepared statements. This allows special SQL characters and syntax to be interpreted as part of the query structure rather than as literal data values.

Attack Vector

The attack can be launched remotely over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. An attacker simply needs to submit a crafted HTTP request to the /user-login.php endpoint with a malicious payload in the Username parameter. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and proof-of-concept details are available, increasing the risk of exploitation attempts.

The attack flow involves submitting specially crafted SQL syntax through the login form's username field. When processed by the backend, the malicious input manipulates the authentication query to return unauthorized results, potentially granting access without valid credentials or leaking database contents through error-based or blind SQL injection techniques.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5604

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual SQL error messages appearing in web server logs related to /user-login.php
• Login attempts containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, double dashes, or UNION SELECT statements
• Unexpected database queries or query execution times in database audit logs
• Authentication successes from unknown or suspicious IP addresses without corresponding valid credential usage

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL injection patterns in login requests
• Monitor HTTP request logs for SQL injection signatures targeting the /user-login.php endpoint
• Enable database query logging and alert on queries containing unexpected syntax from the application layer
• Deploy intrusion detection system (IDS) rules for SQL injection attack patterns in network traffic

Monitoring Recommendations

• Configure real-time alerting for authentication anomalies and database errors on the Hospital Management System
• Review web server access logs regularly for requests to /user-login.php with suspicious parameter values
• Monitor database connection activity for unusual query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5604

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Hospital Management System to trusted IP ranges or internal networks only
• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) protection with SQL injection blocking rules
• Review and audit all database accounts used by the application for excessive privileges
• Consider taking the vulnerable application offline until a patch is available if it contains sensitive data

Patch Information

No official patch from Campcodes has been identified at the time of publication. Organizations using this software should monitor the Campcodes website for security updates. Additional technical details and vulnerability information can be found at the GitHub PoC Repository and VulDB entry #311090.

Workarounds

• Implement prepared statements with parameterized queries in the /user-login.php file to prevent SQL injection
• Add input validation to reject usernames containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, semicolons, and comment sequences
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF to filter malicious requests before they reach the application
• Apply the principle of least privilege to database accounts used by the application to limit potential damage from successful exploitation

# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to block SQL injection attempts
SecRule ARGS:Username "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in Username parameter',\
    log,\
    auditlog"