CVE-2025-55087: Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo Buffer Overflow

CVE-2025-55087 Overview

CVE-2025-55087 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting the SNMP addon in Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo versions prior to 6.4.4. This vulnerability allows an attacker to trigger an out-of-bounds memory read by sending specially crafted SNMPv3 security parameters to the affected system. The vulnerability exists within the SNMP protocol handling component and can be exploited remotely over the network without authentication.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability to cause out-of-bounds memory reads, potentially leading to information disclosure, memory corruption, or denial of service conditions in embedded systems running the affected ThreadX NetX Duo SNMP addon.

Affected Products

• Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo SNMP addon versions before 6.4.4
• Embedded systems and IoT devices utilizing ThreadX NetX Duo networking stack
• Industrial control systems and real-time operating system deployments with SNMP functionality

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-17 - CVE CVE-2025-55087 published to NVD
• 2025-10-24 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-55087

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-125 (Out-of-Bounds Read), a memory safety issue where the application reads data from a memory location outside the intended buffer boundaries. In the context of the Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo SNMP addon, the vulnerability manifests during the parsing of SNMPv3 security parameters.

When the SNMP addon processes incoming SNMPv3 packets, it fails to properly validate the bounds of security parameter fields before reading them. An attacker can craft malicious SNMPv3 packets with specially formatted security parameters that cause the parser to read beyond allocated buffer boundaries. This can result in exposure of sensitive memory contents, potential crashes, or unpredictable system behavior.

The vulnerability is particularly concerning for embedded systems and IoT devices where ThreadX is commonly deployed, as these environments often have limited memory protection mechanisms and may expose sensitive operational data in adjacent memory regions.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in insufficient input validation within the SNMPv3 security parameter parsing logic. The SNMP addon does not properly verify that the length fields within incoming SNMPv3 security parameters are within acceptable bounds before using them to index into memory buffers. This allows an attacker to specify length values that exceed the actual buffer size, causing the parser to read data from memory locations outside the intended buffer.

Attack Vector

The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network by sending crafted SNMPv3 packets to a device running the vulnerable ThreadX NetX Duo SNMP addon. The attack requires:

1. Network access to the target device's SNMP service
2. No authentication or privileges are required
3. The attacker must craft SNMPv3 packets with malicious security parameters designed to trigger the out-of-bounds read condition

The attack is network-based and requires some preparation (crafting the malicious packets), but does not require user interaction. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to read sensitive data from adjacent memory regions or cause denial of service through application crashes.

For detailed technical information about the vulnerability mechanism and exploitation vectors, see the Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo Security Advisory.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-55087

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed SNMPv3 packets with abnormally large security parameter length fields
• SNMP service crashes or unexpected restarts on embedded devices
• Memory access violations or segmentation faults in SNMP processing threads
• Anomalous network traffic patterns targeting SNMP ports (UDP 161/162)

Detection Strategies

• Monitor SNMP traffic for malformed SNMPv3 packets with suspicious security parameter structures
• Implement network intrusion detection rules to identify SNMPv3 packets with abnormal length fields
• Deploy application-level monitoring on embedded devices to detect out-of-bounds memory access attempts
• Use SentinelOne Singularity platform to detect exploitation attempts and anomalous SNMP behavior

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for SNMP services on affected devices where possible
• Configure network monitoring to alert on unusual SNMP traffic volumes or patterns
• Implement deep packet inspection for SNMPv3 protocol traffic at network boundaries
• Monitor system stability metrics for SNMP-enabled embedded devices

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-55087

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade Eclipse ThreadX NetX Duo SNMP addon to version 6.4.4 or later immediately
• Audit network infrastructure to identify all devices running affected versions
• Restrict network access to SNMP services using firewall rules and network segmentation
• Consider disabling SNMP functionality on devices where it is not essential

Patch Information

Eclipse has released version 6.4.4 of the ThreadX NetX Duo SNMP addon which addresses this vulnerability. Organizations should update to this version or later to remediate the out-of-bounds read issue. The security fix implements proper bounds checking for SNMPv3 security parameters during packet parsing.

For official patch details and upgrade instructions, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory.

Workarounds

• Implement network-level access controls to restrict SNMP access to trusted management networks only
• Deploy SNMPv3 authentication and encryption to limit exposure, though this does not fully mitigate the vulnerability
• Use firewall rules to block SNMP traffic from untrusted sources
• Consider using alternative network management protocols where SNMP is not strictly required

# Example firewall rules to restrict SNMP access
# Allow SNMP only from trusted management network
iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 161 -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 162 -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 161 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 162 -j DROP