CVE-2025-54763: FutureNet MA/IP-K OS Command Injection

CVE-2025-54763 Overview

CVE-2025-54763 is an OS command injection vulnerability [CWE-78] affecting FutureNet MA and IP-K series devices manufactured by Century Systems Co., Ltd. An authenticated user with access to the Web UI can execute arbitrary operating system commands on the underlying device. The flaw arises from improper neutralization of user-supplied input passed to OS-level command processors. Successful exploitation grants the attacker control over the affected networking device, including the ability to modify configurations, intercept traffic, or pivot deeper into the network. The vulnerability carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.6 and was published to the National Vulnerability Database on October 31, 2025.

Critical Impact

An authenticated attacker on the Web UI can execute arbitrary OS commands on affected FutureNet MA and IP-K series devices, leading to full device compromise.

Affected Products

• Century Systems FutureNet MA series routers
• Century Systems FutureNet IP-K series devices
• Specific firmware versions are listed in the vendor advisory

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-31 - CVE-2025-54763 published to NVD
• 2026-04-15 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-54763

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-78] Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command. The Web UI of FutureNet MA and IP-K series devices accepts input that is incorporated into shell commands without adequate sanitization. An authenticated user can submit crafted parameters that break out of the intended command context and append arbitrary commands. These commands execute with the privileges of the Web UI process on the embedded device.

The attack vector is network-based and requires high privileges, meaning the attacker must already hold valid Web UI credentials. No user interaction is required after authentication. Because the affected products are network infrastructure devices, exploitation enables traffic interception, route manipulation, and lateral movement into internal segments.

Root Cause

The root cause is the absence of proper input validation and shell metacharacter neutralization in Web UI request handlers. User-controlled fields are passed directly to OS command interpreters such as /bin/sh without escaping or argument-array invocation. Shell metacharacters including ;, |, &, $(), and backticks are interpreted by the shell rather than treated as literal data.

Attack Vector

An authenticated attacker accesses the Web UI over the network and submits a crafted request to a vulnerable endpoint. The injected payload is concatenated into a system command and executed by the device. Refer to the JVN Security Vulnerability Notice and the CenturySys JVN Vulnerability Report for vendor-specific technical details.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-54763

Indicators of Compromise

• Unexpected child processes spawned by the Web UI service on the device
• Outbound connections from the device to unfamiliar hosts following Web UI activity
• Web UI request logs containing shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &, or $() in parameter values
• Unauthorized configuration changes or new administrative accounts on the device

Detection Strategies

• Inspect Web UI access logs for parameter values containing shell metacharacters or command names like wget, curl, nc, or sh
• Correlate authenticated Web UI sessions with subsequent device behavior changes such as new outbound flows
• Monitor for syslog entries indicating unexpected command execution or service restarts on FutureNet devices

Monitoring Recommendations

• Forward FutureNet device syslog to a centralized log platform for retention and correlation
• Alert on Web UI authentication events from unexpected source addresses or outside business hours
• Baseline normal device egress traffic and flag deviations that follow Web UI login activity

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-54763

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict Web UI access to trusted management networks using firewall or ACL rules
• Rotate all Web UI credentials and enforce strong, unique passwords on affected devices
• Audit existing accounts on FutureNet MA and IP-K series devices and remove unused privileged users
• Apply the firmware update referenced in the vendor advisory as soon as it is available

Patch Information

Century Systems Co., Ltd. has published advisory details through JVN. Refer to the CenturySys JVN Vulnerability Report and the JVN Security Vulnerability Notice for the list of fixed firmware versions and update procedures.

Workarounds

• Disable the Web UI on devices that can be managed exclusively through console or out-of-band channels
• Place affected devices behind a management VPN and block Web UI ports from general network access
• Implement IP allowlists at the device or upstream firewall to restrict Web UI sessions to administrator workstations

# Example: restrict Web UI access to a management subnet via upstream firewall
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -s 10.10.0.0/24 -d <device_ip> --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d <device_ip> --dport 443 -j DROP