CVE-2025-54265: Adobe Commerce Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-54265 Overview

CVE-2025-54265 is an Incorrect Authorization vulnerability [CWE-863] affecting Adobe Commerce, Adobe Commerce B2B, and Adobe Magento Open Source. The flaw allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to bypass security controls and gain unauthorized read access to data within affected stores. Exploitation does not require user interaction, but success depends on conditions outside the attacker's control. Adobe published the issue under security advisory APSB25-94.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can bypass authorization checks to read confidential storefront, customer, or merchant data in vulnerable Adobe Commerce deployments.

Affected Products

• Adobe Commerce 2.4.9-alpha2, 2.4.8-p2, 2.4.7-p7, 2.4.6-p12, 2.4.5-p14, 2.4.4-p15 and earlier
• Adobe Commerce B2B 1.5.3-alpha2, 1.5.2-p2, 1.4.2-p7, 1.3.5-p12, 1.3.4-p14, 1.3.3-p15 and earlier
• Adobe Magento Open Source 2.4.9-alpha2, 2.4.8-p2, 2.4.7-p7, 2.4.6-p12 and earlier

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-10-14 - CVE-2025-54265 published to NVD
• 2026-04-28 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-54265

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability is classified under [CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization]. Adobe Commerce performs an authorization check, but the logic evaluates the requester's privileges incorrectly. As a result, a request that should be denied is permitted, exposing protected data over the network.

The issue affects read confidentiality only. Integrity and availability remain intact based on the published CVSS vector. Exploitation is unauthenticated and requires no user interaction, but attack complexity is high because the attacker must rely on environmental conditions they cannot directly influence.

Adobe Commerce processes sensitive merchant, customer, and order data through GraphQL and REST endpoints. An authorization bypass against these surfaces can leak personally identifiable information, pricing data, or B2B account structures, depending on the affected component.

Root Cause

The root cause is improper enforcement of authorization rules within affected Commerce versions. The application validates the caller's identity but applies an incomplete or inconsistent ruleset when granting access to specific resources. This category of flaw typically arises when access control checks are duplicated across service layers and one path omits a required constraint.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based. A remote attacker crafts requests against an exposed Adobe Commerce storefront or API endpoint. Because authentication is not required, any internet-reachable instance is in scope. Adobe notes that exploitation depends on conditions beyond the attacker's control, such as store configuration, enabled modules, or runtime state.

No public proof-of-concept code has been published. The vulnerability mechanism is described in Adobe's advisory APSB25-94; refer to that source for component-level technical detail.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-54265

Indicators of Compromise

• Unauthenticated requests to Adobe Commerce GraphQL or REST endpoints returning data normally gated behind customer or admin authorization.
• Repeated 200 OK responses to anonymous queries against resources tied to specific customer, order, or quote identifiers.
• Anomalous enumeration patterns over storefront APIs from a single source IP or autonomous system.

Detection Strategies

• Inventory all Adobe Commerce, Commerce B2B, and Magento Open Source instances and confirm version metadata against the Adobe advisory.
• Review web server and application logs for high-volume access to /graphql, /rest/V1/, and customer-data endpoints without a preceding authentication token.
• Correlate access logs with application audit events to flag responses that returned data despite missing or invalid session context.

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging on Commerce API gateways and forward logs to a central analytics platform for retention and query.
• Alert on outbound data volumes that exceed baseline storefront traffic from unauthenticated sessions.
• Track changes to authorization configuration files and ACL definitions within the Commerce codebase.

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-54265

Immediate Actions Required

• Apply the security updates referenced in Adobe security bulletin APSB25-94 to all affected Commerce, Commerce B2B, and Magento Open Source instances.
• Identify all internet-exposed Commerce deployments and prioritize patching for production storefronts handling customer or payment data.
• Review API access logs for the past 90 days to identify anomalous unauthenticated queries that may indicate prior probing.

Patch Information

Adobe released fixed versions on October 14, 2025 as part of advisory APSB25-94. Administrators should upgrade to the latest patch level for their Commerce branch: 2.4.8-p3, 2.4.7-p8, 2.4.6-p13, 2.4.5-p15, 2.4.4-p16, or newer per the vendor advisory. Confirm the exact target version in the Adobe bulletin before deployment.

Workarounds

• Restrict access to administrative and API endpoints using a web application firewall (WAF) rule set that enforces authentication before resource retrieval.
• Disable or rate-limit unauthenticated GraphQL introspection and bulk-query operations where business requirements permit.
• Place vulnerable instances behind network segmentation that restricts direct internet exposure until patching is complete.

# Verify Adobe Commerce version after patching
php bin/magento --version
php bin/magento setup:db:status

# Example nginx rule to require auth header on REST endpoints
location /rest/V1/ {
    if ($http_authorization = "") {
        return 401;
    }
    proxy_pass http://commerce_backend;
}