CVE-2025-5364: Hospital Management System SQL Vulnerability

CVE-2025-5364 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Hospital Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /doctor/add-patient.php file, where improper handling of the patname parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. This flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate database queries without authentication, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or complete database compromise.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to extract sensitive patient data, modify medical records, or gain unauthorized access to the hospital management system's backend database.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Hospital Management System 1.0
• /doctor/add-patient.php endpoint
• Systems accepting user input via the patname parameter

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-30 - CVE-2025-5364 published to NVD
• 2025-06-03 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5364

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation and sanitization in the patient registration functionality of the Campcodes Online Hospital Management System. The patname parameter in /doctor/add-patient.php directly incorporates user-supplied input into SQL queries without proper parameterization or escaping, creating a classic SQL injection attack surface.

Healthcare management systems are particularly sensitive targets as they contain protected health information (PHI) and personally identifiable information (PII). The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means attackers can exploit it remotely without requiring any prior authentication or user interaction, significantly increasing the risk exposure for affected deployments.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-5364 is the direct concatenation of user-controlled input from the patname parameter into SQL query strings. The application fails to implement prepared statements or parameterized queries, and does not adequately sanitize or escape special characters that could alter the intended SQL command structure. This represents a fundamental violation of secure coding practices for database interactions (CWE-89: SQL Injection) and more broadly, improper neutralization of special elements (CWE-74: Injection).

Attack Vector

The attack can be launched remotely over the network against any exposed instance of the Online Hospital Management System. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests to the /doctor/add-patient.php endpoint, injecting SQL syntax through the patname parameter.

The exploitation mechanism involves submitting specially crafted payloads that break out of the intended SQL query context. Depending on the database configuration and application behavior, attackers may be able to perform UNION-based extraction of data from other tables, boolean-based or time-based blind injection to enumerate database contents, or stacked queries to execute additional SQL commands including data modification or deletion.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5364

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed HTTP requests targeting /doctor/add-patient.php
• SQL syntax characters or keywords appearing in patname parameter values (e.g., ' OR 1=1--, UNION SELECT, ; DROP TABLE)
• Database error messages returned in HTTP responses indicating query failures
• Unexpected database queries or access patterns in database audit logs

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in request parameters
• Monitor application logs for requests containing SQL metacharacters targeting the vulnerable endpoint
• Deploy database activity monitoring to identify anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access
• Use intrusion detection systems with signatures for common SQL injection attack payloads

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging for the /doctor/add-patient.php endpoint and review logs regularly for suspicious activity
• Configure alerts for database errors or exceptions that may indicate exploitation attempts
• Monitor network traffic for large data exfiltration attempts from database servers
• Implement real-time security information and event management (SIEM) correlation rules for SQL injection indicators

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5364

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the Online Hospital Management System to trusted IP addresses only
• Implement a web application firewall with SQL injection protection rules in front of the application
• Disable or restrict access to the /doctor/add-patient.php functionality until a patch is available
• Conduct an immediate database audit to check for signs of unauthorized access or data exfiltration
• Review application logs for evidence of past exploitation attempts

Patch Information

As of the last NVD update on 2025-06-03, no official patch has been released by Campcodes. Organizations should monitor the Campcodes website and the VulDB entry for security updates. In the absence of an official patch, implementing input validation and parameterized queries at the application level is strongly recommended.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation to reject or sanitize special SQL characters in the patname parameter before processing
• Modify the application code to use prepared statements with parameterized queries for all database operations
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF configured to filter requests containing SQL injection patterns
• Restrict database user privileges to the minimum required for application functionality
• Consider taking the affected endpoint offline if patient registration can be performed through alternative means

# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to block SQL injection attempts
SecRule ARGS:patname "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:1001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt blocked in patname parameter'"