CVE-2025-5176: Queue Ticket Kiosk SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-5176 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Realce Tecnologia Queue Ticket Kiosk versions up to 20250517. The vulnerability exists in the Admin Login Page component, specifically within the /adm/index.php file, where the "Usuário" (username) parameter is susceptible to SQL injection attacks due to improper input validation and sanitization.

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to manipulate database queries by injecting malicious SQL code through the login form, potentially leading to unauthorized access to the administrative interface, data exfiltration, or complete compromise of the underlying database system.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to bypass authentication, access sensitive queue management data, and potentially gain administrative control over the kiosk system without valid credentials.

Affected Products

• Realce Tecnologia Queue Ticket Kiosk (versions up to 20250517)
• Queue Ticket Kiosk Admin Login Page (/adm/index.php)
• All deployments utilizing the vulnerable "Usuário" login parameter

Discovery Timeline

• May 26, 2025 - CVE-2025-5176 published to NVD
• June 3, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5176

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) stems from improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands within the Admin Login Page. The vulnerable code path involves the "Usuário" (username) input field at /adm/index.php, which fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into database queries.

The vulnerability is classified under both CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component) and CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), indicating a fundamental flaw in input handling that allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL statements.

The network-accessible nature of this attack surface means that any instance of the Queue Ticket Kiosk with an internet-exposed admin panel is vulnerable to exploitation without requiring any authentication or user interaction.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability lies in the failure to implement proper input validation and parameterized queries in the authentication mechanism. The "Usuário" parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without sanitization, escaping, or the use of prepared statements. This design flaw allows attackers to break out of the intended query structure and inject malicious SQL commands that are executed with the privileges of the database user configured for the application.

Attack Vector

The attack can be executed remotely over the network by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the /adm/index.php endpoint. An attacker would submit a malicious payload in the "Usuário" field that includes SQL syntax designed to manipulate the authentication query. Common attack patterns include:

The exploitation involves injecting SQL syntax through the username field to manipulate authentication logic. Typical payloads might include single quotes to break string delimiters, comment sequences to truncate queries, and boolean-based or UNION-based injection techniques to extract data or bypass authentication entirely. The vendor was contacted about this disclosure but did not respond, leaving systems without an official remediation path.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5176

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual login attempts containing SQL syntax characters (single quotes, semicolons, double dashes) in username fields
• Web server logs showing requests to /adm/index.php with encoded or obfuscated SQL injection payloads
• Database error messages or logs indicating malformed SQL queries
• Unexpected administrative sessions or unauthorized access to the kiosk management interface
• Evidence of data exfiltration or database enumeration activities

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the admin login endpoint
• Monitor HTTP request logs for suspicious characters and SQL keywords in the "Usuário" parameter
• Deploy database activity monitoring to identify anomalous query patterns or authentication bypass attempts
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for SQL injection attack payloads

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed logging on the /adm/index.php endpoint and review logs for injection attempts
• Set up alerts for multiple failed authentication attempts followed by successful login from the same source
• Monitor database logs for queries containing unexpected SQL commands or syntax errors
• Implement real-time alerting for any successful authentication from unusual geographic locations or IP ranges

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5176

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the admin panel (/adm/index.php) to trusted IP addresses only using firewall rules or .htaccess configurations
• Place the Queue Ticket Kiosk administrative interface behind a VPN or network access control list
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection detection enabled to filter malicious requests
• Audit authentication logs for signs of past exploitation attempts
• Consider taking the admin interface offline until a patch is available

Patch Information

No official patch is currently available from Realce Tecnologia. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond. Organizations should implement the recommended workarounds and monitor for vendor updates through official channels. Additional technical details are available through the VulDB vulnerability entry.

Workarounds

• Implement network-level access controls to restrict admin panel access to internal networks or specific IP addresses
• Deploy a reverse proxy with SQL injection filtering capabilities in front of the vulnerable endpoint
• Add custom input validation at the web server level to reject requests containing SQL metacharacters in the username field
• Consider replacing the vulnerable authentication mechanism with a secure alternative if source code modification is possible

# Example: Restrict access to admin panel via Apache .htaccess
<Files "index.php">
    <Directory "/adm">
        Order Deny,Allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 192.168.1.0/24
        Allow from 10.0.0.0/8
    </Directory>
</Files>

# Example: Nginx location block to restrict admin access
# location /adm/ {
#     allow 192.168.1.0/24;
#     allow 10.0.0.0/8;
#     deny all;
# }