CVE-2025-5172: Econtrata SQL Injection Vulnerability

CVE-2025-5172 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been discovered in Econtrata, a web application platform. The vulnerability exists in the /valida endpoint and can be exploited through manipulation of the usuario parameter. This flaw allows remote attackers to inject malicious SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, or complete database compromise. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data, modify database contents, or potentially execute arbitrary commands on the underlying database server.

Affected Products

• Econtrata versions up to and including 20250516
• All deployments utilizing the vulnerable /valida endpoint
• Environments where the usuario parameter is processed without proper sanitization

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-26 - CVE-2025-5172 published to NVD
• 2025-06-03 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-5172

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability (CWE-89) affects the /valida endpoint in Econtrata. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the usuario parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This represents a classic injection flaw (CWE-74) where untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query.

The vulnerability is network-accessible, requiring no authentication or user interaction to exploit. Successful exploitation can impact the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system by allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete database contents.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is improper input validation and the absence of parameterized queries or prepared statements in the handling of the usuario parameter. When user input is directly concatenated into SQL statements without sanitization, attackers can break out of the intended query structure and inject arbitrary SQL commands.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation without any privileges or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious input containing SQL metacharacters and submit it through the usuario parameter to the /valida endpoint. The injected SQL code is then executed by the database engine with the same privileges as the application's database user.

Common exploitation techniques include using UNION-based attacks to extract data from other tables, boolean-based blind injection to enumerate database contents, and time-based blind injection when visible output is limited. Depending on database configuration, attackers may also achieve command execution through database-specific functions like xp_cmdshell in SQL Server or LOAD_FILE() in MySQL.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-5172

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to the /valida endpoint containing SQL syntax characters (single quotes, double dashes, semicolons, UNION keywords)
• Error messages in application logs indicating SQL syntax errors or database exceptions
• Unexpected database queries or access patterns from the web application account
• Signs of data exfiltration or unauthorized database modifications

Detection Strategies

• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the /valida endpoint
• Monitor application logs for requests containing SQL keywords such as SELECT, UNION, INSERT, DELETE, DROP, or EXEC in the usuario parameter
• Deploy database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query patterns or privilege escalation attempts
• Utilize SentinelOne Singularity Platform for endpoint detection and response capabilities that can identify post-exploitation behavior

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging for the /valida endpoint to capture all parameter values for forensic analysis
• Set up alerting for database errors that may indicate attempted SQL injection
• Monitor for unusual outbound network traffic from database servers that could indicate data exfiltration
• Review database audit logs for unauthorized schema changes or bulk data access

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-5172

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the /valida endpoint using network-level controls or authentication requirements
• Implement input validation to reject requests containing SQL metacharacters in the usuario parameter
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall with SQL injection protection rules
• Consider temporarily disabling the affected endpoint if it is not business-critical

Patch Information

No official patch is currently available from the vendor. According to the vulnerability disclosure, the vendor was contacted but did not respond. Organizations should implement compensating controls and monitor for updates. For additional technical details, refer to the VulDB entry and the GitHub CVE repository.

Workarounds

• Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements at the application level if source code access is available
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF to filter malicious input before it reaches the application
• Restrict database user privileges to limit the impact of successful SQL injection attacks
• Enable database connection encryption and ensure the application uses a least-privilege database account
• Consider network segmentation to isolate the affected application from sensitive systems

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection attempts on /valida endpoint
# ModSecurity rule example
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /valida" "id:1001,phase:2,deny,status:403,\
  chain"
SecRule ARGS:usuario "@detectSQLi" "t:none,t:urlDecodeUni"