CVE-2025-49836: GPT-SoVITS-WebUI RCE Vulnerability

CVE-2025-49836 Overview

CVE-2025-49836 is a command injection vulnerability affecting GPT-SoVITS-WebUI, a popular voice conversion and text-to-speech web interface. The vulnerability exists in the change_label function within webui.py, where user-supplied input through the path_list parameter is concatenated directly into a system command without proper sanitization. This allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying server with the privileges of the web application process.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can achieve arbitrary command execution on servers running vulnerable GPT-SoVITS-WebUI instances, potentially leading to complete system compromise, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within the network.

Affected Products

• rvc-boss gpt-sovits-webui versions 20250228v3 and prior
• All installations of GPT-SoVITS-WebUI without official patches
• Self-hosted and cloud-deployed instances of the web interface

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-07-15 - CVE-2025-49836 published to NVD
• 2025-07-30 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-49836

Vulnerability Analysis

The vulnerability stems from improper input validation in the change_label function of webui.py. When a user provides input through the path_list parameter, this data flows directly into a command construction routine without any sanitization or escaping. The constructed command is then executed on the server, creating a classic command injection attack surface.

This vulnerability is particularly concerning because it requires no authentication and can be exploited remotely over the network. The attack complexity is low, meaning an attacker with basic knowledge of command injection techniques can exploit this flaw. Successful exploitation grants attackers the ability to execute arbitrary commands with the same privileges as the web application, potentially compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the entire system.

The vulnerability has been assigned CWE-77 (Command Injection), which describes weaknesses where software constructs commands using externally-influenced input without properly neutralizing special elements that could modify the intended command.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-49836 is the direct concatenation of user-controlled input into shell commands without proper input validation or sanitization. The change_label function in webui.py accepts user input through path_list and incorporates it directly into a command string that is subsequently executed by the server. This violates the security principle of never trusting user input and failing to implement proper input neutralization before command execution.

The vulnerable code pattern can be found at multiple locations in the source file, specifically around lines 272, 275, 955, and 960 of the webui.py file.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, requiring no authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious input containing shell metacharacters or command separators (such as ;, |, &&, or backticks) within the path_list parameter. When this input reaches the change_label function, it gets incorporated into the command string and executed by the server.

The vulnerability mechanism involves the following attack flow: an attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the GPT-SoVITS-WebUI endpoint with malicious payload embedded in the path_list parameter. The application processes this input through the change_label function, which concatenates the unsanitized input into a system command. The constructed command is then executed on the server, allowing the attacker's injected commands to run with application privileges. For detailed technical analysis, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory GHSL-2025-045.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-49836

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual process spawning from the GPT-SoVITS-WebUI application process, particularly shell interpreters like bash, sh, or cmd.exe
• Web server logs containing suspicious characters in path_list parameters, including shell metacharacters such as ;, |, &&, $(), or backticks
• Unexpected network connections originating from the server hosting GPT-SoVITS-WebUI
• Creation of new files, user accounts, or scheduled tasks on the affected system

Detection Strategies

• Deploy web application firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect command injection patterns in HTTP request parameters
• Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions like SentinelOne to monitor for suspicious process execution chains
• Configure SIEM rules to correlate web server access logs with unusual system activity on the application server
• Enable process auditing to detect shell command execution by web application processes

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web server access logs for requests containing shell metacharacters in the path_list parameter
• Track process creation events on servers running GPT-SoVITS-WebUI, focusing on child processes spawned by Python or the web server
• Implement file integrity monitoring on critical system directories and the application installation directory
• Set up alerting for outbound network connections from the application server to unexpected destinations

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-49836

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to GPT-SoVITS-WebUI instances using firewall rules to allow only trusted IP addresses
• Place the web interface behind a VPN or authenticated reverse proxy to prevent unauthenticated access
• Review system logs for signs of exploitation and conduct forensic analysis if compromise is suspected
• Consider temporarily disabling the application until a patch becomes available

Patch Information

At the time of publication, no official patched version of GPT-SoVITS-WebUI is available. The vendor (rvc-boss) has not released a security update addressing this vulnerability. Users should monitor the GPT-SoVITS GitHub repository and the GitHub Security Advisory for updates regarding a fix.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation at the application level by modifying webui.py to sanitize the path_list parameter before use in command construction
• Deploy a reverse proxy with request filtering to block requests containing shell metacharacters in the vulnerable parameter
• Run the application in a sandboxed environment or container with restricted privileges to limit the impact of successful exploitation
• Use network segmentation to isolate the GPT-SoVITS-WebUI server from critical infrastructure and sensitive data

# Example: Restrict access to GPT-SoVITS-WebUI using iptables
# Allow only specific trusted IP addresses to access the web interface
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7865 -s 192.168.1.100 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7865 -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7865 -j DROP