CVE-2025-49002: DataEase Auth Bypass Vulnerability

CVE-2025-49002 Overview

CVE-2025-49002 is an authentication bypass vulnerability in DataEase, an open source business intelligence and data visualization tool. This vulnerability exists due to a flaw in the patch for CVE-2025-32966, which can be bypassed through case insensitivity. The original patch prohibits INIT and RUNSCRIPT keywords, but fails to account for case variations, allowing attackers to circumvent the security controls.

Critical Impact

Attackers can bypass security patch protections through case-insensitive variations of prohibited keywords, potentially leading to unauthorized access or code execution in DataEase deployments.

Affected Products

• DataEase versions prior to 2.10.10
• DataEase deployments with the incomplete CVE-2025-32966 patch applied

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-06-03 - CVE-2025-49002 published to NVD
• 2025-06-05 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-49002

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability represents a classic authentication bypass through case insensitivity (CWE-290). The original security patch for CVE-2025-32966 implemented a blocklist approach to prevent dangerous database commands by filtering the keywords INIT and RUNSCRIPT. However, the filtering mechanism performs case-sensitive string comparisons, creating a trivial bypass opportunity.

When the patch logic checks input against the blocklist, it only matches exact case representations. This allows attackers to use alternative casings such as init, Init, iNiT, runscript, Runscript, or any combination of upper and lowercase characters to evade detection while the underlying database engine interprets these commands identically regardless of case.

Root Cause

The root cause stems from an incomplete security patch implementation. The filtering mechanism uses case-sensitive string matching against a hardcoded blocklist containing only uppercase versions of dangerous keywords (INIT and RUNSCRIPT). Database systems typically process SQL commands in a case-insensitive manner, creating a semantic gap between the security filter and the actual command interpretation.

Attack Vector

This vulnerability is exploitable over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction, though the attack complexity is considered high. An attacker would craft malicious requests containing the prohibited keywords in alternate case formats to bypass the patch for CVE-2025-32966 and exploit the original vulnerability.

The attack would typically involve:

1. Identifying a DataEase instance with the incomplete patch applied
2. Crafting requests using case variations of INIT or RUNSCRIPT commands
3. Submitting these requests to bypass the security filter
4. Exploiting the underlying vulnerability that CVE-2025-32966 originally addressed

For detailed technical information about this vulnerability, refer to the GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-999m-jv2p-5h34 and the related advisory GHSA-h7hj-4j78-cvc7.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-49002

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual database queries containing case variations of INIT or RUNSCRIPT keywords (e.g., init, Init, iNiT, runscript, RunScript)
• Log entries showing attempted SQL injection patterns with mixed-case database commands
• Unexpected database script execution or initialization events in DataEase logs

Detection Strategies

• Implement case-insensitive monitoring for SQL keywords INIT and RUNSCRIPT in application logs
• Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules that normalize input to detect bypass attempts regardless of character casing
• Monitor DataEase access logs for anomalous query patterns or requests from unusual source IPs

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable verbose logging in DataEase to capture all database query attempts
• Configure SIEM alerts for any occurrence of database initialization or script execution commands with case variations
• Regularly audit DataEase version information to ensure patched versions are deployed

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-49002

Immediate Actions Required

• Upgrade DataEase to version 2.10.10 or later immediately
• Audit logs for any exploitation attempts involving case variations of INIT or RUNSCRIPT
• Review any potentially compromised data or configurations if exploitation is suspected
• Isolate vulnerable DataEase instances from untrusted network segments until patching is complete

Patch Information

The vulnerability has been fixed in DataEase version 2.10.10. Organizations should upgrade to this version or later to receive the corrected patch that properly handles case-insensitive keyword filtering. The security advisory is available at the GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-999m-jv2p-5h34.

Workarounds

• No known workarounds are available according to the vendor advisory
• As a temporary measure, consider restricting network access to DataEase instances until patching is possible
• Implement additional WAF rules to block requests containing any case variation of dangerous SQL keywords