CVE-2025-4900: Campcodes Sales and Inventory SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-4900 Overview

A SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Sales and Inventory System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /pages/payment.php file, where the cid parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in SQL queries. This allows remote attackers to manipulate database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection flaw to bypass authentication, extract sensitive data from the database, modify records, or potentially compromise the entire underlying database server.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Sales and Inventory System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-18 - CVE-2025-4900 published to NVD
• 2025-05-21 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-4900

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability arises from improper handling of user-supplied input in the payment processing functionality of the Campcodes Sales and Inventory System. The cid parameter in /pages/payment.php is directly incorporated into SQL queries without adequate input validation or parameterized query implementation. This classic injection flaw allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands that are then executed by the database server with the privileges of the application's database user.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (SQL Injection) and CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The remote attack vector means no physical access or local presence is required to exploit this vulnerability, making it accessible to any attacker who can reach the vulnerable endpoint over the network.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the failure to implement proper input validation and parameterized queries for the cid parameter in the payment processing module. The application directly concatenates user input into SQL query strings instead of using prepared statements or stored procedures with bound parameters, which would prevent SQL injection attacks.

Attack Vector

The attack is remotely exploitable via the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. An attacker can craft malicious HTTP requests containing SQL injection payloads in the cid parameter when accessing the /pages/payment.php endpoint.

The exploitation technique involves injecting SQL metacharacters and commands into the cid parameter. Common attack patterns include using UNION-based injection to extract data from other tables, boolean-based blind injection to infer database contents, or time-based blind injection when direct output is not visible. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to dump the entire database, bypass authentication mechanisms, modify or delete data, or potentially execute operating system commands depending on the database configuration.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4900

Indicators of Compromise

• Web server access logs showing unusual requests to /pages/payment.php with SQL metacharacters (single quotes, double dashes, UNION keywords, etc.) in the cid parameter
• Database query logs containing malformed or suspicious SQL statements originating from the payment module
• Unexpected database errors or application crashes related to SQL syntax errors
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database access in audit logs

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the /pages/payment.php endpoint
• Implement database activity monitoring to detect anomalous query patterns and unauthorized data access
• Configure intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for SQL injection payloads in HTTP requests
• Enable verbose logging for the application and database to capture exploitation attempts

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor HTTP request logs for the cid parameter containing SQL injection indicators such as ', --, OR 1=1, UNION SELECT, and other common payloads
• Set up alerts for database errors that may indicate injection attempts
• Track unusual patterns in database query execution times that could indicate time-based blind SQL injection
• Review authentication logs for suspicious login patterns that may indicate successful bypass via SQL injection

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4900

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the affected application to trusted sources only until a patch is available
• Implement WAF rules to filter SQL injection payloads targeting the cid parameter in /pages/payment.php
• Review database user privileges and apply the principle of least privilege to limit potential damage from exploitation
• Back up the database and prepare incident response procedures in case of compromise

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been released at the time of this advisory. Organizations using Campcodes Sales and Inventory System 1.0 should monitor the CampCodes website and the VulDB entry for updates. For additional technical details, refer to the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation on the cid parameter to accept only numeric values, rejecting any input containing non-numeric characters
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection protection rules to filter malicious requests
• If source code access is available, modify the application to use prepared statements with parameterized queries for all database operations
• Consider taking the payment module offline or restricting access until a proper fix is implemented

# Example WAF rule concept for blocking SQL injection on the affected parameter
# ModSecurity rule example (adapt to your specific WAF):
# SecRule ARGS:cid "@rx (?i)(\b(union|select|insert|update|delete|drop|alter|exec|execute)\b|--|;|')" \
#     "id:100001,phase:2,deny,status:403,log,msg:'SQL Injection Attempt Blocked on cid parameter'"