CVE-2025-4686 Overview
CVE-2025-4686 is an SQL Injection vulnerability affecting the Online Exam and Assessment application developed by Kodmatic Computer Software Tourism Construction Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. This vulnerability allows attackers to manipulate SQL queries through improper neutralization of special elements in user-supplied input, potentially compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the underlying database.
Critical Impact
This SQL Injection vulnerability enables unauthenticated remote attackers to extract sensitive data, modify database contents, and potentially cause denial of service conditions through malicious SQL queries.
Affected Products
- Kodmatic Online Exam and Assessment (through version 30012026)
Discovery Timeline
- 2026-01-30 - CVE CVE-2025-4686 published to NVD
- 2026-02-04 - Last updated in NVD database
Note: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Technical Details for CVE-2025-4686
Vulnerability Analysis
This SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) exists in the Kodmatic Online Exam and Assessment application. The vulnerability stems from inadequate input validation and sanitization of user-controlled parameters before they are incorporated into SQL queries. An attacker can exploit this flaw remotely over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction.
The impact of successful exploitation includes unauthorized access to sensitive examination data, potential modification of assessment results, and the ability to cause significant disruption to the availability of the application through resource-intensive queries or destructive operations.
Root Cause
The root cause of this vulnerability is the improper neutralization of special characters used in SQL commands. The application fails to properly sanitize, escape, or parameterize user input before constructing SQL queries. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary SQL syntax that gets executed by the database engine with the same privileges as the application's database connection.
Attack Vector
The vulnerability is exploitable remotely over the network (Attack Vector: Network) with low complexity. An attacker does not require any privileges or authentication to exploit this vulnerability, and no user interaction is needed. The attack can be executed by crafting malicious input containing SQL metacharacters and injecting them through vulnerable application parameters.
SQL Injection attacks against this application could take various forms including:
- Union-based injection: Extracting data from other database tables by appending UNION SELECT statements
- Boolean-based blind injection: Inferring database contents through true/false responses
- Time-based blind injection: Using database sleep functions to extract data based on response timing
- Error-based injection: Leveraging database error messages to reveal schema information
For technical details regarding this vulnerability, refer to the USOM Security Notification TR-26-0010.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4686
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual database queries containing SQL keywords in user input fields (e.g., UNION, SELECT, DROP, INSERT)
- Abnormal database error messages appearing in application logs or responses
- Unexpected database query execution times indicating time-based blind injection attempts
- Unauthorized data access or modifications in examination and assessment records
Detection Strategies
- Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common SQL Injection patterns
- Enable database query logging and analyze for anomalous query structures
- Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for SQL Injection attack patterns
- Monitor application logs for repeated failed authentication attempts or error messages containing SQL syntax
Monitoring Recommendations
- Configure real-time alerting for database query anomalies and execution time spikes
- Establish baseline metrics for normal database activity and alert on deviations
- Monitor network traffic to the application for payloads containing SQL injection signatures
- Implement audit logging for all database operations, especially those affecting examination data
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4686
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict network access to the Online Exam and Assessment application to trusted IP ranges only
- Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL Injection protection rules in front of the application
- Review and audit database user privileges, applying the principle of least privilege
- Enable detailed logging on both the application and database layers for forensic purposes
Patch Information
As of the last update on 2026-02-04, no vendor patch has been made available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way. Organizations using the affected software should implement the workarounds below and consider alternative solutions until a patch is released.
For the latest information, refer to the USOM Security Notification TR-26-0010.
Workarounds
- Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) configured with strict SQL Injection detection and prevention rules
- Implement network segmentation to isolate the vulnerable application from critical infrastructure
- Apply database-level controls such as stored procedures and parameterized queries where possible at the infrastructure level
- Consider taking the application offline or restricting access to essential users only until a patch is available
# Example WAF rule configuration for ModSecurity to help mitigate SQL Injection
# Add to modsecurity.conf or rules file
# Enable SQL Injection protection
SecRule ARGS "@detectSQLi" \
"id:1001,\
phase:2,\
deny,\
status:403,\
log,\
msg:'SQL Injection Attack Detected',\
tag:'application-multi',\
tag:'language-multi',\
tag:'platform-multi',\
tag:'attack-sqli'"
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
