CVE-2025-45610: PassJava Information Disclosure Flaw

CVE-2025-45610 Overview

CVE-2025-45610 is a Broken Access Control vulnerability affecting PassJava-Platform v3.0.0, an open-source Java learning platform. The vulnerability exists in the /scheduleLog/info/1 component, which fails to implement proper access control checks. This security flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to access sensitive schedule log information via specially crafted HTTP requests over the network.

Critical Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can remotely access sensitive schedule log data, potentially exposing confidential system information, user activities, and internal operational details without any authentication requirements.

Affected Products

• PassJava-Platform v3.0.0
• PassJava application components utilizing the scheduleLog module
• Systems running vulnerable PassJava deployments with exposed /scheduleLog/info/1 endpoints

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-05 - CVE-2025-45610 published to NVD
• 2025-10-10 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-45610

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability is classified as CWE-284 (Improper Access Control), indicating that the affected component fails to properly restrict access to a protected resource. The /scheduleLog/info/1 endpoint in PassJava-Platform does not validate whether the requesting user has appropriate permissions before returning sensitive schedule log information.

The attack is network-accessible and requires no privileges or user interaction, making it particularly dangerous for internet-facing deployments. While the vulnerability enables unauthorized read access to sensitive data, it does not appear to allow modification of system data or cause service disruption.

Root Cause

The root cause of CVE-2025-45610 lies in missing or insufficient access control validation within the schedule log information retrieval functionality. The PassJava-Platform application exposes the /scheduleLog/info/1 API endpoint without implementing proper authentication or authorization checks, allowing any remote attacker to query and retrieve sensitive log data.

This design flaw likely stems from:

• Missing authentication middleware on the affected endpoint
• Absence of role-based access control (RBAC) validation
• Improper security configuration in the route handler

Attack Vector

The attack vector for this vulnerability is network-based, requiring an attacker to send HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint. The exploitation process involves:

1. Discovery: Attacker identifies a PassJava-Platform instance exposed to the network
2. Endpoint Access: Attacker sends a direct HTTP request to the /scheduleLog/info/1 endpoint
3. Data Exfiltration: The server responds with sensitive schedule log information without requiring authentication

The vulnerability does not require any special privileges, user interaction, or complex attack chains. An attacker simply needs network access to the target application to exploit this flaw. For detailed technical information, refer to the GitHub Issue Discussion.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-45610

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual access patterns to /scheduleLog/info/1 endpoint from external or unauthorized IP addresses
• High volume of requests to schedule log endpoints without corresponding authenticated sessions
• Access logs showing requests to sensitive endpoints from unexpected geographic locations
• Failed authentication attempts followed by direct API endpoint access attempts

Detection Strategies

• Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and alert on unauthenticated access attempts to /scheduleLog/* endpoints
• Configure application logging to capture all access attempts to sensitive administrative endpoints
• Deploy intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for PassJava-Platform specific exploitation patterns
• Monitor for reconnaissance activity targeting Java application endpoints

Monitoring Recommendations

• Enable detailed access logging for all API endpoints in PassJava-Platform
• Set up alerts for access to administrative endpoints from non-whitelisted IP ranges
• Implement rate limiting and anomaly detection for API endpoint access patterns
• Review access logs regularly for unauthorized access attempts to schedule log components

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-45610

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict network access to the /scheduleLog/info/1 endpoint using firewall rules or reverse proxy configurations
• Implement authentication requirements for all sensitive endpoints immediately
• Review and audit all API endpoints in the PassJava-Platform deployment for similar access control issues
• Consider taking affected services offline until proper access controls can be implemented

Patch Information

At the time of this writing, users should monitor the official PassJava-Platform repository for security updates. The vulnerability has been documented in GitHub Issue #48, which provides additional context and potential remediation guidance from the maintainers.

Organizations running PassJava-Platform v3.0.0 should:

• Subscribe to the GitHub repository for security announcements
• Check for newer versions that may include security fixes
• Implement recommended workarounds until an official patch is available

Workarounds

• Deploy a reverse proxy or API gateway to enforce authentication on the /scheduleLog/* endpoints
• Implement IP whitelisting to restrict access to administrative endpoints to trusted networks only
• Use network segmentation to isolate PassJava-Platform instances from untrusted network segments
• Add custom authentication middleware to validate user sessions before processing schedule log requests

# Example nginx configuration to restrict access to vulnerable endpoint
location /scheduleLog/ {
    # Deny all external access
    deny all;
    # Allow only from trusted internal networks
    allow 10.0.0.0/8;
    allow 192.168.0.0/16;
    
    # Alternatively, require basic authentication
    # auth_basic "Restricted Access";
    # auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
    
    proxy_pass http://passjava-backend;
}