CVE-2025-4492: Campcodes Food Ordering System SQLi Flaw

CVE-2025-4492 Overview

A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Food Ordering System version 1.0. This vulnerability exists in the /routers/ticket-message.php file, where improper handling of the ticket_id parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. The flaw enables remote attackers to manipulate database queries without authentication, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to extract sensitive customer data, modify order information, or potentially compromise the entire database backend of affected food ordering systems.

Affected Products

• Campcodes Online Food Ordering System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• May 9, 2025 - CVE-2025-4492 published to NVD
• May 13, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-4492

Vulnerability Analysis

This SQL injection vulnerability affects the ticket messaging functionality within the Campcodes Online Food Ordering System. The vulnerable endpoint /routers/ticket-message.php fails to properly sanitize or parameterize the ticket_id argument before incorporating it into database queries. This classic injection flaw allows attackers to craft malicious input that escapes the intended query context and executes arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database.

The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which encompasses injection-type weaknesses where untrusted input is not properly neutralized before being processed by an interpreter. The network-accessible nature of this web application endpoint means attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely without requiring any prior authentication or user interaction.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is the absence of proper input validation and parameterized queries in the ticket-message.php file. The ticket_id parameter is directly concatenated into SQL statements without sanitization, escaping, or the use of prepared statements. This programming oversight allows special SQL characters and syntax to be interpreted as part of the query structure rather than as literal data values.

Attack Vector

The attack vector is network-based, allowing remote exploitation. An attacker can manipulate HTTP requests to the /routers/ticket-message.php endpoint, injecting SQL syntax through the ticket_id parameter. Successful exploitation requires no authentication or special privileges, making it accessible to any network-adjacent attacker who can reach the web application.

The exploitation technique involves crafting specially formed values for the ticket_id parameter that break out of the expected query context. Attackers may use techniques such as UNION-based injection to extract data from other tables, boolean-based blind injection to enumerate database contents, or time-based injection to confirm vulnerability and extract information character by character.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4492

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual or malformed requests to /routers/ticket-message.php containing SQL keywords such as UNION, SELECT, OR, AND, --, or encoded equivalents
• Web server logs showing repeated requests to the ticket-message endpoint with varying ticket_id values containing special characters
• Database query logs indicating syntax errors or unexpected query patterns originating from the food ordering application
• Evidence of data exfiltration or unauthorized database access correlating with ticket-message endpoint activity

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns in the ticket_id parameter
• Implement application-level logging to capture all requests to /routers/ticket-message.php with full parameter values
• Configure database audit logging to identify anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Use intrusion detection systems with SQL injection signature detection for HTTP traffic analysis

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web application logs for requests containing SQL injection indicators targeting the ticket-message endpoint
• Establish baseline traffic patterns to the vulnerable endpoint and alert on anomalies in request volume or parameter characteristics
• Review database performance metrics for unusual query execution times that may indicate time-based blind SQL injection attempts

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4492

Immediate Actions Required

• Remove or disable the /routers/ticket-message.php endpoint if not critical to business operations until a patch is available
• Implement input validation to restrict ticket_id to expected formats (typically numeric values only)
• Deploy WAF rules specifically targeting SQL injection attempts against the ticket-message functionality
• Restrict network access to the food ordering system to trusted IP ranges where possible

Patch Information

No official vendor patch has been identified at this time. Organizations using Campcodes Online Food Ordering System 1.0 should contact the vendor directly for remediation guidance or consider implementing the workarounds below. Additional details may be available through VulDB #308207 and the GitHub Issue Discussion.

Workarounds

• Modify the ticket-message.php source code to implement prepared statements with parameterized queries for all database interactions
• Add strict input validation to ensure the ticket_id parameter accepts only numeric integer values
• Implement a web application firewall rule to sanitize or block requests containing SQL metacharacters in the ticket_id field
• Consider implementing application-layer access controls to restrict ticket message access to authenticated users only

# Example WAF rule for ModSecurity to block SQL injection in ticket_id
SecRule ARGS:ticket_id "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    log,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in ticket_id parameter',\
    tag:'CVE-2025-4492'"