CVE-2025-4491 Overview
A critical SQL injection vulnerability has been identified in Campcodes Online Food Ordering System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /routers/ticket-status.php file, where improper handling of the ticket_id parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially enabling unauthorized access to the underlying database, data exfiltration, and manipulation of application data.
Critical Impact
Remote attackers can exploit this SQL injection vulnerability to extract sensitive data, modify database contents, or potentially gain further access to the backend systems hosting the food ordering application.
Affected Products
- Campcodes Online Food Ordering System 1.0
Discovery Timeline
- May 9, 2025 - CVE-2025-4491 published to NVD
- May 13, 2025 - Last updated in NVD database
Technical Details for CVE-2025-4491
Vulnerability Analysis
This SQL injection vulnerability affects the ticket status functionality within the Campcodes Online Food Ordering System. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input passed through the ticket_id parameter in the /routers/ticket-status.php endpoint. When this parameter is processed, the unsanitized input is directly incorporated into SQL queries, allowing an attacker to manipulate the query logic and execute arbitrary SQL commands against the database.
The vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component), which encompasses injection flaws where user input is not adequately filtered before being used in commands or queries. The network-accessible nature of this vulnerability means no local access is required—attackers can exploit it remotely through standard HTTP requests.
Root Cause
The root cause of this vulnerability is insufficient input validation and the absence of parameterized queries or prepared statements in the ticket-status.php file. The ticket_id parameter is directly concatenated into SQL query strings without proper sanitization or escaping, allowing SQL metacharacters to alter the intended query structure.
Attack Vector
The attack can be initiated remotely over the network. An attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the /routers/ticket-status.php endpoint with a malicious ticket_id parameter value containing SQL injection payloads. Since no authentication is required to access this endpoint, any remote attacker can attempt exploitation.
The vulnerability allows attackers to:
- Extract sensitive data from the database including user credentials and order information
- Modify or delete database records
- Potentially escalate access depending on database permissions and server configuration
Technical details and proof-of-concept information have been disclosed publicly through the GitHub CVE Issue Discussion and documented in VulDB #308206.
Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4491
Indicators of Compromise
- Unusual HTTP requests to /routers/ticket-status.php containing SQL syntax characters such as single quotes, semicolons, UNION, SELECT, or comment sequences
- Database error messages or anomalies in application logs related to ticket status queries
- Unexpected database query patterns or execution of administrative SQL commands
- Signs of data exfiltration or unauthorized database access in server logs
Detection Strategies
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the ticket_id parameter
- Implement application-layer monitoring to identify requests with suspicious payloads to the /routers/ticket-status.php endpoint
- Review web server access logs for requests containing URL-encoded SQL metacharacters
- Configure database audit logging to track unusual query patterns or unauthorized data access
Monitoring Recommendations
- Enable detailed logging for all requests to the /routers/ directory
- Set up alerts for database queries containing injection-related keywords or syntax from the ticket-status functionality
- Monitor for increased traffic or scanning activity targeting PHP endpoints in the application
- Implement real-time log analysis to detect potential exploitation attempts
How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4491
Immediate Actions Required
- Restrict access to the /routers/ticket-status.php endpoint until a patch is available
- Implement a web application firewall with SQL injection detection rules as a compensating control
- If possible, disable or remove the ticket status functionality temporarily
- Review database user permissions and apply the principle of least privilege to limit potential impact
Patch Information
At the time of publication, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations using Campcodes Online Food Ordering System 1.0 should monitor the CampCodes website and VulDB submission for updates regarding security fixes.
Workarounds
- Implement input validation on the ticket_id parameter to accept only numeric values
- Use prepared statements or parameterized queries in the affected PHP file if modifying source code is feasible
- Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF to filter malicious requests before they reach the application
- Consider migrating to an alternative food ordering solution if timely patches are not forthcoming
# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection attempts on ticket-status.php
# ModSecurity rule example
SecRule ARGS:ticket_id "@detectSQLi" \
"id:100001,\
phase:2,\
deny,\
status:403,\
msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in ticket_id parameter',\
logdata:'Matched Data: %{MATCHED_VAR} found within %{MATCHED_VAR_NAME}'"
Disclaimer: This content was generated using AI. While we strive for accuracy, please verify critical information with official sources.
