CVE-2025-4465: Gym Management System SQLi Vulnerability

CVE-2025-4465 Overview

A SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in itsourcecode Gym Management System version 1.0. This critical security flaw exists in the /ajax.php?action=save_schedule endpoint, where improper handling of the member_id parameter allows attackers to inject malicious SQL commands. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely without authentication, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the backend database, data exfiltration, and manipulation of sensitive gym member information.

Critical Impact

Remote attackers can exploit this SQL Injection vulnerability to bypass authentication, extract sensitive member data, modify database records, or potentially gain further access to the underlying system through database-level attacks.

Affected Products

• Admerc Gym Management System 1.0
• itsourcecode Gym Management System 1.0

Discovery Timeline

• 2025-05-09 - CVE-2025-4465 published to NVD
• 2025-12-22 - Last updated in NVD database

Technical Details for CVE-2025-4465

Vulnerability Analysis

This vulnerability affects the schedule saving functionality within the Gym Management System. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input in the member_id parameter before incorporating it into SQL queries. This lack of input validation allows attackers to craft malicious payloads that manipulate the intended SQL query logic.

The vulnerable endpoint /ajax.php?action=save_schedule processes AJAX requests for managing gym schedules. When a request is submitted with a manipulated member_id value containing SQL metacharacters, the application directly concatenates this input into database queries without proper parameterization or escaping.

Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to read arbitrary data from the database (including member credentials and personal information), modify or delete existing records, bypass authentication mechanisms, or in some configurations, execute operating system commands through database functions.

Root Cause

The root cause of this vulnerability is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component). The application constructs SQL queries using string concatenation with untrusted user input rather than using parameterized queries or prepared statements. The member_id parameter is directly embedded into SQL statements without any validation, sanitization, or encoding of special characters that have meaning in SQL syntax.

Attack Vector

The attack can be launched remotely over the network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. An attacker can send crafted HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint with malicious SQL payloads in the member_id parameter.

The attack methodology involves intercepting or crafting requests to the /ajax.php?action=save_schedule endpoint and modifying the member_id parameter to include SQL injection payloads. Common techniques include union-based injection to extract data from other tables, boolean-based blind injection to infer database contents, and time-based blind injection using database sleep functions.

For technical details regarding this vulnerability, refer to the GitHub Issue Discussion and the VulDB CVE Impact Analysis.

Detection Methods for CVE-2025-4465

Indicators of Compromise

• Unusual database queries containing SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, DROP, etc.) in application logs associated with the /ajax.php endpoint
• Abnormal parameter values in HTTP request logs containing SQL metacharacters such as single quotes, double dashes, or semicolons
• Database error messages appearing in HTTP responses indicating query syntax errors
• Unexpected data access patterns or bulk data retrieval from member-related database tables

Detection Strategies

• Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with SQL injection detection rulesets to monitor and block malicious requests to /ajax.php?action=save_schedule
• Implement application-level logging to capture all requests to the vulnerable endpoint with full parameter values for forensic analysis
• Configure database audit logging to detect anomalous query patterns or unauthorized data access attempts
• Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) with signatures for common SQL injection attack patterns

Monitoring Recommendations

• Monitor web server access logs for requests to /ajax.php containing suspicious characters or unusually long parameter values
• Set up alerts for database errors that may indicate injection attempts, particularly syntax errors in queries involving member data
• Track authentication anomalies that could indicate successful SQL injection leading to authentication bypass
• Regularly review database query logs for unauthorized SELECT statements against sensitive tables

How to Mitigate CVE-2025-4465

Immediate Actions Required

• Restrict access to the Gym Management System to trusted networks only until a patch is available
• Implement Web Application Firewall rules to block SQL injection patterns targeting the /ajax.php endpoint
• Consider temporarily disabling the schedule saving functionality if it is not business-critical
• Review database access logs for signs of prior exploitation attempts

Patch Information

As of the last update on 2025-12-22, no official vendor patch has been released for this vulnerability. Organizations using itsourcecode Gym Management System 1.0 should monitor the IT Source Code website for security updates. Additional vulnerability details are available through VulDB #308084.

Workarounds

• Implement input validation at the application level to reject member_id values containing non-numeric characters or SQL metacharacters
• Deploy a reverse proxy or WAF with strict input filtering for the affected endpoint
• Modify the application code to use prepared statements or parameterized queries for all database interactions involving user input
• Implement least-privilege database access so the application database user has only the minimum required permissions

# Example WAF rule to block SQL injection attempts (ModSecurity)
SecRule ARGS:member_id "@detectSQLi" \
    "id:100001,\
    phase:2,\
    deny,\
    status:403,\
    msg:'SQL Injection attempt detected in member_id parameter',\
    log,\
    auditlog"